Análisis jurídico del proceso ejecutivo colombiano a la luz del Código General del Proceso
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Fecha
2012
Autores
Bermúdez Bonilla, Ricardo Alberto
Cabrales Roldán, Rubén Francisco
Rodríguez Peña, Wbeimar Leonardo
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
El pasado 12 de julio, entró en vigencia el nuevo Código General del Proceso creado por la Ley 1564 de 2012, el cual contiene les ritos jurídicos que regulares la actividad procesal en los asuntos civiles, comerciales, de familia y agrarios (Col, Art. 1 ley 1564, 2012), aplicándose también, a todos les asuntos de cualquier jurisdicción o especialidad y a les actuaciones de particulares y autoridades administrativas, cuando ejerzan funciones jurisdiccionales, en cuanto dichas actuaciones no estén regaladas o normadas expresamente en otras leyes
Este nuevo Código, garantiza el acceso a la justicia para todas las personas, asegurando la protección judicial oportuna y efectiva, para preservar el libre ejercicio de los derechos y la correcta defensa de los intereses de las habitantes del territorio nacional, todo ello, con sujeción a un debido procese que debe surtirse en un tiempo o termino de duración razonable. Señalando, además, que esta norma, es una norma de orden pública y que se formalidades y términos procesales son de estricto cumplimiento, les cuales deben observarse con la mayor diligencia y pronta aplicación
Se habla puntualmente, de un Proceso Oral y por Audiencias (Col, Art. 1º ley 1564, 2012) en donde las actuaciones deben cumplirse en forma oral, en forma
pública y mediante la realización de audiencias salvo aquellas actuaciones que expresamente deban realizarse por escrito o aquellas que estén amparadas por reserva de ley. La finalidad más importa de este código, es la implementación de la oralidad en el Proceso Civil Colombiano en aras de hacer más ágil la administración de justicia.
Debe aclararse, que en materia de derecho civil al igual que en las demás especialidades del derecho, existen en forma general; dos tipos de procesos judiciales; siendo ellos, los denominados procesos declarativos o de conocimiento y los denominados procesos ejecutivos (Levis, 1979).
En los procesos declarativos o de conocimiento, siempre estará presente un debate o disputa frente a la existencia o no de un derecho (Morales, 1975), en esa pugna se requiere la intervención del aparato jurisdiccional para solucionar ese conflicto de intereses y y mantener con ello, la permanencia del orden público y la convivencia pacífica de los actores, esa discusión jurídica se resolverá con base en una serie de pruebas aportadas por los contendientes, además se propondrán unos alegatos o argumentos por cada una de las partes para sustentar las posiciones asumidas; todo ello para conquistar un derecho sustancial pretendido, o para lograr desvirtuar la reclamación y con ello lograr la declaratoria de la inexistencia del derecho. En últimas; en un Proceso Declarativo (Bejarano, 2001) o de Conocimiento existe un choque de intereses entre un sujeto demandante y otro sujeto demandado, cuyo caso debe ser conocido y resuelto por un Juez Natural, que mediante el análisis de unos hechos, mediante la valoración de unas pruebas y mediante un convencimiento suficientemente razonado, concede el reconocimiento del derecho o en su defecto niega dicho reconocimiento, resolviendo el asunto mediante una decisión contenida en una sentencia judicial.
On July 12, the new General Process Code created by Law 1564 of 2012 came into force, which contains the legal rites that regulate procedural activity in civil, commercial, family and agrarian matters (Col, Art. 1 law 1564, 2012), also applying to all matters of any jurisdiction or specialty and to the actions of individuals and administrative authorities, when they exercise jurisdictional functions, as long as said actions are not expressly granted or regulated in other laws. This new Code guarantees access to justice for all people, ensuring timely and effective judicial protection, to preserve the free exercise of rights and the correct defense of the interests of the inhabitants of the national territory, all of this, subject to to a due process that must be carried out within a reasonable time or period of duration. Pointing out, furthermore, that this rule is a rule of public order and that the formalities and procedural terms are of strict compliance, which must be observed with the greatest diligence and prompt application. There is specific mention of an Oral and Hearing Process (Col, Art. 1st Law 1564, 2012) where the actions must be carried out orally, in public and by holding hearings except for those actions that must expressly be carried out in writing. or those that are protected by reservation of law. The most important purpose of this code is the implementation of orality in the Colombian Civil Process in order to make the administration of justice more agile. It should be clarified that in matters of civil law, as in other specialties of law, they exist in general form; two types of judicial processes; these being the so-called declarative or knowledge processes and the so-called executive processes (Levis, 1979). In declarative or knowledge processes, there will always be a debate or dispute regarding the existence or not of a right (Morales, 1975); in this struggle, the intervention of the jurisdictional apparatus is required to resolve this conflict of interest and thereby maintain , the permanence of public order and the peaceful coexistence of the actors, this legal discussion will be resolved based on a series of evidence provided by the contenders, in addition some allegations or arguments will be proposed by each of the parties to support the positions assumed; all of this to achieve a substantial right sought, or to distort the claim and thereby achieve the declaration of the non-existence of the right. Ultimately; In a Declarative (Bejarano, 2001) or Knowledge Process there is a clash of interests between a plaintiff subject and another defendant subject, whose case must be known and resolved by a Natural Judge, who through the analysis of some facts, through the assessment of some evidence and through a sufficiently reasoned conviction, grants recognition of the right or, failing that, denies said recognition, resolving the matter through a decision contained in a court ruling.
On July 12, the new General Process Code created by Law 1564 of 2012 came into force, which contains the legal rites that regulate procedural activity in civil, commercial, family and agrarian matters (Col, Art. 1 law 1564, 2012), also applying to all matters of any jurisdiction or specialty and to the actions of individuals and administrative authorities, when they exercise jurisdictional functions, as long as said actions are not expressly granted or regulated in other laws. This new Code guarantees access to justice for all people, ensuring timely and effective judicial protection, to preserve the free exercise of rights and the correct defense of the interests of the inhabitants of the national territory, all of this, subject to to a due process that must be carried out within a reasonable time or period of duration. Pointing out, furthermore, that this rule is a rule of public order and that the formalities and procedural terms are of strict compliance, which must be observed with the greatest diligence and prompt application. There is specific mention of an Oral and Hearing Process (Col, Art. 1st Law 1564, 2012) where the actions must be carried out orally, in public and by holding hearings except for those actions that must expressly be carried out in writing. or those that are protected by reservation of law. The most important purpose of this code is the implementation of orality in the Colombian Civil Process in order to make the administration of justice more agile. It should be clarified that in matters of civil law, as in other specialties of law, they exist in general form; two types of judicial processes; these being the so-called declarative or knowledge processes and the so-called executive processes (Levis, 1979). In declarative or knowledge processes, there will always be a debate or dispute regarding the existence or not of a right (Morales, 1975); in this struggle, the intervention of the jurisdictional apparatus is required to resolve this conflict of interest and thereby maintain , the permanence of public order and the peaceful coexistence of the actors, this legal discussion will be resolved based on a series of evidence provided by the contenders, in addition some allegations or arguments will be proposed by each of the parties to support the positions assumed; all of this to achieve a substantial right sought, or to distort the claim and thereby achieve the declaration of the non-existence of the right. Ultimately; In a Declarative (Bejarano, 2001) or Knowledge Process there is a clash of interests between a plaintiff subject and another defendant subject, whose case must be known and resolved by a Natural Judge, who through the analysis of some facts, through the assessment of some evidence and through a sufficiently reasoned conviction, grants recognition of the right or, failing that, denies said recognition, resolving the matter through a decision contained in a court ruling.
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Palabras clave
Código general del proceso, Acceso a la justicia, Leyes, General code of process, Access to justice, Laws