Utilización de hongos filamentosos para degradar plásticos de baja y alta densidad en el departamento del Atlántico
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Fecha
2023
Autores
de la Hoz Salgado, Yulisa Paola
Estrada Arteaga, Juliana Ibeth
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas
Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas
Resumen
La investigación sobre la degradación del plástico a través de hongos presenta una solución esperanzadora a la contaminación plástica. Un ejemplo lo son los hongos como Aspergillus spp que pueden descomponer los plásticos de polietileno y poliestireno cuando se les brinda el entorno adecuado. Las enzimas que secretan los hongos rompen los enlaces químicos del plástico, convirtiéndose en componentes más simples y biodegradables, creando un enfoque ecológico para el manejo de desechos plásticos. Esta solución alternativa minimiza la contaminación y los efectos adversos sobre el medio ambiente. Los hongos que degradan el plástico han demostrado un gran potencial, pero es fundamental señalar que se necesita más investigación para superar los desafíos técnicos y prácticos actuales. En este trabajo se buscó aislar hongos degradadores de LDPE y PET a partir de muestras de plástico de las playas de Puerto Mocho-Atlántico. Las muestras no recibieron un pretratamiento, fueron fraccionadas y sembradas en un Agar PDA, los hongos encontrados fueron aislados en un cultivo axénico, para luego proceder a someterlos a la prueba de degradación junto al plástico. En las muestras aisladas se observó que el hongo se adhirió al LDPE debido a la densidad molecular que esté presenta, a comparación del PET, ya que se necesitaba más tiempo para que el hongo pudiera degradar ambos plásticos y un pretratamiento para que tuviera una mayor capacidad de adherencia y así lo utilizara en su total como fuente de carbono (Endocrine Society, 2020).
Research into plastic degradation through fungi presents a hopeful solution to plastic pollution. An example is fungi such as Aspergillus spp, which can break down polyethylene and polystyrene plastics when given the right environment. Secreted by fungi, the enzymes break the chemical bonds in plastic, converting it into simpler, more biodegradable components, creating an eco-friendly approach to plastic waste management. This alternative solution minimizes pollution and adverse effects on the environment. Plastic-degrading fungi have shown great potential, but it is essential to note that more research is needed to overcome current technical and practical challenges. In this work we sought to isolate LDPE and PET degrading fungi from plastic samples from the beaches of Puerto Mocho-Atlántico. The samples did not receive a pretreatment, they were fractionated and sown on PDA Agar, the fungi found were isolated in an axenic culture, and then proceeded to subject them to the degradation test along with the plastic. In the isolated samples, it was observed that the fungus adhered to LDPE due to the molecular density present, compared to PET, since the fungus needed more time to degrade both plastics and a pretreatment so that it has a greater adhesion capacity and thus will be used in its entirety as a carbon source (Endocrine Society, 2020).
Research into plastic degradation through fungi presents a hopeful solution to plastic pollution. An example is fungi such as Aspergillus spp, which can break down polyethylene and polystyrene plastics when given the right environment. Secreted by fungi, the enzymes break the chemical bonds in plastic, converting it into simpler, more biodegradable components, creating an eco-friendly approach to plastic waste management. This alternative solution minimizes pollution and adverse effects on the environment. Plastic-degrading fungi have shown great potential, but it is essential to note that more research is needed to overcome current technical and practical challenges. In this work we sought to isolate LDPE and PET degrading fungi from plastic samples from the beaches of Puerto Mocho-Atlántico. The samples did not receive a pretreatment, they were fractionated and sown on PDA Agar, the fungi found were isolated in an axenic culture, and then proceeded to subject them to the degradation test along with the plastic. In the isolated samples, it was observed that the fungus adhered to LDPE due to the molecular density present, compared to PET, since the fungus needed more time to degrade both plastics and a pretreatment so that it has a greater adhesion capacity and thus will be used in its entirety as a carbon source (Endocrine Society, 2020).
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PET, LDPE, Hongos degradadores de plástico, Puerto Mocho, PET, LDPE, Plastic degrading fungi, Puerto Mocho
