Impacto psico-socio-jurídico en los niños, niñas y adolescentes en el contexto del conflicto armado en Colombia: periodo 2010-2015
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Fecha
2023
Autores
Hernández Flórez, Andri Lisbeth
Ávila Pardo, Wanner Junior
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
En el contexto del conflicto armado en Colombia es necesario comprender el conflicto armado en Colombia, sus causas históricas y las dinámicas sociopolíticas que han influido en su desarrollo. Los antecedentes históricos, como la formación de grupos guerrilleros, los paramilitares y las políticas gubernamentales, proporcionan una base para comprender el impacto en la población, en particular en los niños, niñas y adolescentes.
Existen numerosos estudios e investigaciones previas que han abordado el impacto del conflicto armado en los niños y adolescentes en Colombia. Estos estudios proporcionan evidencia empírica sobre los efectos psico-sociales y jurídicos en esta población, así como las estrategias de intervención implementadas.
Tanto a nivel nacional como internacional, se han implementado programas y políticas dirigidas a atender y proteger a los niños, niñas y adolescentes afectados por el conflicto armado en Colombia. Estos programas pueden incluir servicios de salud mental, educación, protección y justicia transicional. Es importante analizar la efectividad de estas iniciativas y los desafíos asociados a su implementación.
Los objetivos del impacto psico-socio-jurídico en niños, niñas y adolescentes en el contexto del conflicto armado en Colombia durante el período 2010-2015 incluyen:
Protección de derechos: Asegurar la protección integral de los derechos de los niños, niñas y adolescentes, tal como lo establece la legislación nacional e internacional, incluyendo el derecho a la vida, la integridad personal, la educación, la salud y la participación.
Atención y apoyo psicosocial: Brindar servicios adecuados de atención y apoyo psicosocial a niños, niñas y adolescentes afectados por el conflicto armado. Para lograrlo, es necesario garantizar el acceso a profesionales de la salud mental calificados, establecer programas de atención y rehabilitación, y promover espacios seguros para el proceso de curación y recuperación.
Acceso a la educación: Asegurar que los niños y adolescentes en áreas afectadas por conflictos tengan derecho a la educación. Esto implica brindar infraestructura escolar segura, capacitación docente especializada, materiales educativos apropiados y programas de educación compensatoria para quienes han sufrido interrupciones en su educación.
Promover la justicia y la rendición de cuentas por las violaciones de derechos de niños, niñas y adolescentes durante el conflicto armado.
Esto puede incluir la investigación y sanción de los responsables, así como el acceso a mecanismos de reparación y restitución de derechos para las víctimas.
Entre 2010 y 2015, Colombia vivió un conflicto armado interno que tuvo un gran impacto psicosocial-jurídico en la vida de los niños, niñas y adolescentes del país. Los principales aspectos de los impactos anteriores se resumen a continuación:
I. Impacto psicológico: Los niños, niñas y adolescentes expuestos al conflicto armado sufren un impacto psicológico severo.
El miedo persistente, la violencia presenciada, la pérdida y la inseguridad conducen a altos niveles de estrés, ansiedad, depresión y trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT). Estos efectos psicológicos afectan su desarrollo emocional y su capacidad para llevarse bien con los demás.
II. Impacto social: El conflicto armado en Colombia ha afectado el entorno social de los niños, niñas y adolescentes. Muchos de ellos se ven desplazados por la violencia, lo que provoca el colapso de las redes de apoyo, lo que dificulta el acceso a servicios básicos como la educación
y la atención de la salud, y exacerba la pobreza y la marginación. Además, algunos niños son reclutados por grupos armados ilegales, exponiéndolos a situaciones de extrema violencia y negándoles oportunidades de desarrollo.
III. Implicaciones jurídicas: El conflicto armado en Colombia ha desencadenado una serie de violaciones a los derechos humanos y al derecho internacional humanitario que han tenido un impacto directo en los niños, niñas y adolescentes. Son víctimas de reclutamiento forzado, violencia sexual, desaparición forzada y asesinato. Estas violaciones han llevado al establecimiento de marcos legales y políticos para proteger los derechos de la niñez en situaciones de conflicto ya la participación de Colombia en tratados internacionales y mecanismos de justicia transicional
IV. Respuesta institucional: Se toman medidas para mitigar el impacto del conflicto armado en los niños, niñas y adolescentes durante este período. Se ha fortalecido el sistema de protección infantil y se han desarrollado programas de atención psicosocial, educación en derechos humanos y reintegración de niños separados de grupos armados. Además, se han impulsado acciones para fortalecer la justicia transicional y garantizar la rendición de cuentas por las violaciones cometidas.
Como resultado se puede destacar la necesidad de implementar intervenciones y políticas efectivas que aborden los desafíos identificados.
Es fundamental fortalecer los programas de atención psicosocial, garantizar el acceso a una educación de calidad, promover la inclusión socioeconómica, reforzar la protección jurídica y trabajar en la prevención del reclutamiento y la violencia armada. Estas acciones contribuirán a mitigar el impacto negativo del conflicto armado en los niños, niñas y adolescentes en Colombia y a promover su bienestar y desarrollo integral.
En conclusión, el conflicto armado en Colombia de 2010 a 2015 tuvo un importante impacto psicosocial-jurídico en los niños, niñas y adolescentes del país. Experimentan consecuencias psicológicas y sociales negativas y se vulneran sus derechos fundamentales. Sin embargo, si bien persisten desafíos para garantizar plenamente sus derechos y su pleno desarrollo, se han tomado medidas para protegerlos y apoyarlos. Además, el conflicto armado tuvo un impacto socioeconómico significativo, ya que las comunidades fueron desplazadas y enfrentaron condiciones de pobreza extrema. La falta de acceso a servicios básicos, como educación y atención médica, así como la precariedad de sus condiciones de vida, aumentaron su vulnerabilidad y los expusieron a riesgos como la explotación laboral y el reclutamiento forzado.
En términos jurídicos, el conflicto armado violó sistemáticamente los derechos de los niños, niñas y adolescentes, tanto en la legislación nacional como en los tratados internacionales. El reclutamiento forzado y el uso de menores por parte de grupos armados ilegales constituyeron crímenes de guerra. Además, se cometieron numerosos abusos y violaciones, como asesinatos, torturas, desapariciones forzadas y violencia sexual.
In the context of the armed conflict in Colombia, it is necessary to understand the armed conflict in Colombia, its historical causes and the socio- political dynamics that have influenced its development. The historical background, such as the formation of guerrilla groups, paramilitaries and government policies, provides a basis for understanding the impact on the population, particularly on children and adolescents. There are numerous previous studies and research that have addressed the impact of the armed conflict on children and adolescents in Colombia. These studies provide empirical evidence on the psycho-social and legal effects on this population, as well as the intervention strategies implemented. At both the national and international levels, programs and policies have been implemented to care for and protect children and adolescents affected by the armed conflict in Colombia. These programs may include mental health services, education, protection and transitional justice. It is important to analyze the effectiveness of these initiatives and the challenges associated with their implementation. The objectives of the psycho-socio-legal impact on children and adolescents in the context of the armed conflict in Colombia during the period 2010-2015 include: Protection of rights: Ensure comprehensive protection of the rights of children and adolescents, as established by national and international legislation, including the right to life, personal integrity, education, health and participation. Psychosocial care and support: Provide adequate psychosocial care and support services to children and adolescents affected by the armed conflict. To achieve this, it is necessary to guarantee access to qualified mental health professionals, establish care and rehabilitation programs, and promote safe spaces for the healing and recovery process. Access to education: Ensure that children and adolescents in conflict-affected areas have the right to education. This involves providing safe school infrastructure, specialized teacher training, appropriate educational materials, and compensatory education programs for those who have suffered interruptions in their education. Promote justice and accountability for violations of children's rights during armed conflict. This may include the investigation and punishment of those responsible, as well as access to mechanisms for reparations and restitution of rights for victims. Between 2010 and 2015, Colombia experienced an internal armed conflict that had a major psychosocial-legal impact on the lives of children and adolescents in the country. The main aspects of the above impacts are summarized below: I. Psychological impact: Children and adolescents exposed to the armed conflict suffer severe psychological impact. Persistent fear, witnessed violence, loss and insecurity lead to high levels of stress, anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These psychological effects affect their emotional development and their ability to get along with others. II. Social impact: The armed conflict in Colombia has affected the social environment of children and adolescents. Many of them are displaced by violence, resulting in the collapse of support networks, making it difficult to access basic services such as education and health care, and exacerbating poverty and marginalization. In addition, some children are recruited by illegal armed groups, exposing them to situations of extreme violence and denying them opportunities for development. III. Legal implications: The armed conflict in Colombia has triggered a series of violations of human rights and international humanitarian law that have had a direct impact on children and adolescents. They are victims of forced recruitment, sexual violence, forced disappearance and murder. These violations have led to the establishment of legal and political frameworks to protect the rights of children in conflict situations and Colombia's participation in international treaties and transitional justice mechanisms. IV. Institutional response: Measures are taken to mitigate the impact of the armed conflict on children and adolescents during this period. The child protection system has been strengthened and programs have been developed for psychosocial care, human rights education and reintegration of children separated from armed groups. In addition, actions have been promoted to strengthen transitional justice and ensure accountability for the violations committed. The need to implement effective interventions and policies to address the challenges identified can be highlighted. It is essential to strengthen psychosocial care programs, guarantee access to quality education, promote socioeconomic inclusion, strengthen legal protection and work on the prevention of recruitment and armed violence. These actions will contribute to mitigate the negative impact of the armed conflict on children and adolescents in Colombia and promote their well-being and integral development. In conclusion, the armed conflict in Colombia from 2010 to 2015 had a significant psychosocial-legal impact on children and adolescents in the country. They experience negative psychological and social consequences and their fundamental rights are violated. However, while challenges persist to fully guarantee their rights and their full development, measures have been taken to protect and support them. In addition, the armed conflict had a significant socioeconomic impact, as communities were displaced and faced conditions of extreme poverty. The lack of access to basic services, such as education and health care, as well as the precariousness of their living conditions, increased their vulnerability and exposed them to risks such as labor exploitation and forced recruitment. In legal terms, the armed conflict systematically violated the rights of children and adolescents, both in national legislation and in international treaties. Forced recruitment and the use of minors by illegal armed groups constituted war crimes. In addition, numerous abuses and violations were committed, such as murder, torture, forced disappearances and sexual violence.
In the context of the armed conflict in Colombia, it is necessary to understand the armed conflict in Colombia, its historical causes and the socio- political dynamics that have influenced its development. The historical background, such as the formation of guerrilla groups, paramilitaries and government policies, provides a basis for understanding the impact on the population, particularly on children and adolescents. There are numerous previous studies and research that have addressed the impact of the armed conflict on children and adolescents in Colombia. These studies provide empirical evidence on the psycho-social and legal effects on this population, as well as the intervention strategies implemented. At both the national and international levels, programs and policies have been implemented to care for and protect children and adolescents affected by the armed conflict in Colombia. These programs may include mental health services, education, protection and transitional justice. It is important to analyze the effectiveness of these initiatives and the challenges associated with their implementation. The objectives of the psycho-socio-legal impact on children and adolescents in the context of the armed conflict in Colombia during the period 2010-2015 include: Protection of rights: Ensure comprehensive protection of the rights of children and adolescents, as established by national and international legislation, including the right to life, personal integrity, education, health and participation. Psychosocial care and support: Provide adequate psychosocial care and support services to children and adolescents affected by the armed conflict. To achieve this, it is necessary to guarantee access to qualified mental health professionals, establish care and rehabilitation programs, and promote safe spaces for the healing and recovery process. Access to education: Ensure that children and adolescents in conflict-affected areas have the right to education. This involves providing safe school infrastructure, specialized teacher training, appropriate educational materials, and compensatory education programs for those who have suffered interruptions in their education. Promote justice and accountability for violations of children's rights during armed conflict. This may include the investigation and punishment of those responsible, as well as access to mechanisms for reparations and restitution of rights for victims. Between 2010 and 2015, Colombia experienced an internal armed conflict that had a major psychosocial-legal impact on the lives of children and adolescents in the country. The main aspects of the above impacts are summarized below: I. Psychological impact: Children and adolescents exposed to the armed conflict suffer severe psychological impact. Persistent fear, witnessed violence, loss and insecurity lead to high levels of stress, anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These psychological effects affect their emotional development and their ability to get along with others. II. Social impact: The armed conflict in Colombia has affected the social environment of children and adolescents. Many of them are displaced by violence, resulting in the collapse of support networks, making it difficult to access basic services such as education and health care, and exacerbating poverty and marginalization. In addition, some children are recruited by illegal armed groups, exposing them to situations of extreme violence and denying them opportunities for development. III. Legal implications: The armed conflict in Colombia has triggered a series of violations of human rights and international humanitarian law that have had a direct impact on children and adolescents. They are victims of forced recruitment, sexual violence, forced disappearance and murder. These violations have led to the establishment of legal and political frameworks to protect the rights of children in conflict situations and Colombia's participation in international treaties and transitional justice mechanisms. IV. Institutional response: Measures are taken to mitigate the impact of the armed conflict on children and adolescents during this period. The child protection system has been strengthened and programs have been developed for psychosocial care, human rights education and reintegration of children separated from armed groups. In addition, actions have been promoted to strengthen transitional justice and ensure accountability for the violations committed. The need to implement effective interventions and policies to address the challenges identified can be highlighted. It is essential to strengthen psychosocial care programs, guarantee access to quality education, promote socioeconomic inclusion, strengthen legal protection and work on the prevention of recruitment and armed violence. These actions will contribute to mitigate the negative impact of the armed conflict on children and adolescents in Colombia and promote their well-being and integral development. In conclusion, the armed conflict in Colombia from 2010 to 2015 had a significant psychosocial-legal impact on children and adolescents in the country. They experience negative psychological and social consequences and their fundamental rights are violated. However, while challenges persist to fully guarantee their rights and their full development, measures have been taken to protect and support them. In addition, the armed conflict had a significant socioeconomic impact, as communities were displaced and faced conditions of extreme poverty. The lack of access to basic services, such as education and health care, as well as the precariousness of their living conditions, increased their vulnerability and exposed them to risks such as labor exploitation and forced recruitment. In legal terms, the armed conflict systematically violated the rights of children and adolescents, both in national legislation and in international treaties. Forced recruitment and the use of minors by illegal armed groups constituted war crimes. In addition, numerous abuses and violations were committed, such as murder, torture, forced disappearances and sexual violence.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Conflicto armado, Salud mental, Derechos humanos N.N.A., Armed conflict, Mental health, Human rights N.N.A.
