Evaluación de la obesidad sarcopenica infantil. Revisión temática
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Fecha
2020
Autores
Bustacara Gámez, Shirlly Julliette
Rangel Ramos, Maury
Camargo Orozco, Dianys
Mendoza Ordoñez, Nairobis Vanessa
Cadena Amaris, Alexander
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
Introducción: La obesidad es un importante problema de salud pública y está estrechamente relacionada con el estilo de vida. Se caracteriza por la acumulación excesiva de grasa en el cuerpo. A menudo se considera solo como un problema estético, pero sus efectos fisiopatológicos son más profundos. La obesidad aumenta el riesgo de desarrollar enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT), como la diabetes, enfermedades cardiovasculares y algunos tipos de cáncer. Factores como la ingesta de alimentos con alta densidad energética, bebidas azucaradas, inactividad física y sedentarismo están relacionados con la obesidad. En el contexto de la obesidad sarcopénica, se destaca la importancia del músculo esquelético en la captura de glucosa. La disminución de la masa muscular puede promover la resistencia a la insulina, lo que afecta el metabolismo y la regulación de la glucosa. La sarcopenia (pérdida de masa muscular) también reduce el gasto de energía y la actividad física, lo que afecta la participación diaria de los niños.El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los métodos diagnósticos utilizados en la obesidad sarcopénica en la población infantil. Materiales y métodos: Para ello, se realizará una revisión temática de la literatura científica, considerando estudios publicados entre los años 2000 y 2020. Las palabras clave utilizadas para la búsqueda incluyen “sarcopenia”, “obesidad sarcopénica”, “diagnóstico” y “niños”. Se revisarán bases de datos como PubMed, Clinical Key, Science Direct, Ovid y Proquest. Resultados: Aunque hay pocos estudios sobre la relación entre la sarcopenia y las comorbilidades asociadas a la obesidad en individuos menores de 65 años, se sugiere que los mediadores inflamatorios y la resistencia a la insulina desempeñan un papel relevante. No existe un consenso claro sobre la definición y los métodos diagnósticos de la obesidad sarcopénica, pero se busca disponer de biomarcadores para su detección y seguimiento. El tratamiento multimodal incluye recomendaciones dietéticas, ejercicio y, en algunos casos, cirugía bariátrica. Conclusiones: la obesidad sarcopénica en niños es un área de investigación importante que requiere más estudios para comprender mejor su impacto y abordaje clínico
Introduction: Obesity is an important public health problem and is closely related to lifestyle. It is characterized by excessive accumulation of fat in the body. It is often considered only an aesthetic problem, but its pathophysiological effects are deeper. Obesity increases the risk of developing chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and some types of cancer. Factors such as the intake of foods with high energy density, sugary drinks, physical inactivity and a sedentary lifestyle are related to obesity. In the context of sarcopenic obesity, the importance of skeletal muscle in glucose capture is highlighted. Decreased muscle mass can promote insulin resistance, which affects metabolism and glucose regulation. Sarcopenia (loss of muscle mass) also reduces energy expenditure and physical activity, which affects children's daily participation. The objective of this study is to analyze the diagnostic methods used in sarcopenic obesity in the child population. Materials and methods: To do this, a thematic review of the scientific literature will be carried out, considering studies published between 2000 and 2020. The key words used for the search include “sarcopenia”, “sarcopenic obesity”, “diagnosis” and “children”. Databases such as PubMed, Clinical Key, Science Direct, Ovid and Proquest will be reviewed. Results: Although there are few studies on the relationship between sarcopenia and comorbidities associated with obesity in individuals under 65 years of age, it is suggested that inflammatory mediators and insulin resistance play a relevant role. There is no clear consensus on the definition and diagnostic methods of sarcopenic obesity, but efforts are made to have biomarkers for its detection and monitoring. Multimodal treatment includes dietary recommendations, exercise, and, in some cases, bariatric surgery. Conclusions: Sarcopenic obesity in children is an important area of research that requires further studies to better understand its impact and clinical approach.
Introduction: Obesity is an important public health problem and is closely related to lifestyle. It is characterized by excessive accumulation of fat in the body. It is often considered only an aesthetic problem, but its pathophysiological effects are deeper. Obesity increases the risk of developing chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and some types of cancer. Factors such as the intake of foods with high energy density, sugary drinks, physical inactivity and a sedentary lifestyle are related to obesity. In the context of sarcopenic obesity, the importance of skeletal muscle in glucose capture is highlighted. Decreased muscle mass can promote insulin resistance, which affects metabolism and glucose regulation. Sarcopenia (loss of muscle mass) also reduces energy expenditure and physical activity, which affects children's daily participation. The objective of this study is to analyze the diagnostic methods used in sarcopenic obesity in the child population. Materials and methods: To do this, a thematic review of the scientific literature will be carried out, considering studies published between 2000 and 2020. The key words used for the search include “sarcopenia”, “sarcopenic obesity”, “diagnosis” and “children”. Databases such as PubMed, Clinical Key, Science Direct, Ovid and Proquest will be reviewed. Results: Although there are few studies on the relationship between sarcopenia and comorbidities associated with obesity in individuals under 65 years of age, it is suggested that inflammatory mediators and insulin resistance play a relevant role. There is no clear consensus on the definition and diagnostic methods of sarcopenic obesity, but efforts are made to have biomarkers for its detection and monitoring. Multimodal treatment includes dietary recommendations, exercise, and, in some cases, bariatric surgery. Conclusions: Sarcopenic obesity in children is an important area of research that requires further studies to better understand its impact and clinical approach.
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Palabras clave
Obesidad, Sarcopenia, Niños y adolescentes, Índice de masa corporal