Síndrome de burnout, calidad de sueño y síntomas osteomusculares de trabajadores de la región Caribe Colombiana
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Fecha
2024
Autores
Cantillo Gómez, Keidis Liseth
Mayoriano Arroyo, Ludys Andrea
De La Hoz Mejía, María Fernanda
Manga Monsalvo, Clara Inés
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
Objetivo: Determinar las características de Burnout, los niveles del sueño y los síntomas osteomusculares en los trabajadores de la Región Caribe Colombiana. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal, aplicado en 54 trabajadores cuya actividad económica está relacionada con la manufactura. Se evaluaron variables como el burnout, calidad del sueño y síntomas osteomusculares a través de instrumentos como lo son la encuesta Maslach Burnout Inventory que sirve para medir el estrés laboral y está constituido por 22 ítems en forma de afirmaciones, sobre los sentimientos y actitudes del profesional en su trabajo. Como objetivo tienen el medir el desgaste profesional (frecuencia e intensidad con la que se sufre el Burnout). El cual mide los 3 aspectos del síndrome de Burnout: la Subescala de agotamiento o cansancio emocional. El cual valora la vivencia de estar exhausto emocionalmente por las demandas del trabajo. Consta de 9 preguntas (1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 13, 14,16, 20). Puntuación máxima 54. La subescala de despersonalización. Valora el grado en que cada uno reconoce actitudes frialdad y distanciamiento. Está formada por 5 ítems (5, 10, 11, 15, 22). Puntuación máxima 30 y la subescala de realización personal. Evalúa los sentimientos de auto ciencia y realización personal en el trabajo. Se compone de 8 ítems (4, 7, 9, 12, 17, 18, 19, 21). Puntuación máxima 48.la encuesta de Pittsburgh que evalúa la calidad del sueño, y el cuestionario nórdico de Kuorinka el cual es un instrumento utilizado para la identificación de síntomas osteomusculares, es empleado en distintos ámbitos laborales con la finalidad de realizar una temprana detección de síntomas osteomusculares. Esta herramienta puede aplicarse en todas las poblaciones laborales que estén expuestos a factores de riesgos para llevar eficazmente el control epidemiológico de los Trastornos musculoesqueléticos con la finalidad de una actuación precoz y de prevención. Comúnmente el cuestionario está compuesto por dos partes: Uno general; con preguntas que observan las diferentes partes del cuerpo con algún síntoma musculoesquelético, en esta misma parte contiene un mapa anatómico que identifica nueve partes con posibles indicios y son: cuello, hombros, espalda alta y baja, muñecas-manos, cadera-muslo, rodillas, tobillos. Para el procesamiento y análisis de los datos se utilizó el programa estadístico SPSS versión 25 (Licencia de la Universidad Simón Bolívar), que incluyó estadística descriptiva para determinar frecuencias y porcentajes, así como estadística inferencial, utilizando la prueba de chi-cuadrado de Pearson para examinar posibles relaciones entre variables. Resultados: En cuanto a las características del burnout en la población estudio el 22,2% de los trabajadores manifiestan sentirse agotados por el trabajo pocas veces al año y el 16,7% pocas veces a la semana. Por otra parte, el 66,7% de los trabajadores se sienten muy activos todos los días y el 16,7% pocas veces a la semana. Sobre las características del sueño el 50,0% de los trabajadores revelan tener una mala calidad del sueño, el 31,5% buena, y el 18,5% regular. Los trabajadores encuestados pertenecientes al cargo operativo y administrativo revelan tener una calidad del sueño mala, así mismo, las molestias osteomusculares referentes al 38,9% de los trabajadores son en el área del cuello presentándose dolor en los últimos 12 meses, En el área de la muñeca 44,40% no presentaron dolor en los últimos 12 meses y en la zona lumbar el 31,50% de los trabajadores no presentaron dolor en los últimos 12 meses. Conclusión: De acuerdo con los hallazgos encontrados se puede concluir que los trabajadores de la empresa de manufactura en el área operativa y administrativa se encuentran con un nivel de agotamiento malo, los trabajadores presentaron un alto nivel de empobrecimiento de la calidad del sueño, presentándose mayormente en los cargos operativos y con menor porcentaje en los cargos administrativos. Por otro lado, en las molestias osteomusculares el segmento afectado con mayor relevancia es el cuello.
Objective: Determine the characteristics of Burnout, sleep levels and musculoskeletal symptoms in workers in the Colombian Caribbean Region. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study, applied to 54 workers whose economic activity is related to manufacturing. Variables such as burnout, sleep quality and musculoskeletal symptoms were evaluated through instruments such as the Maslach Burnout Inventory survey, which serves to measure work stress and is made up of 22 items in the form of statements about feelings and attitudes. Of the professional in his work. Their objective is to measure professional burnout (frequency and intensity with which Burnout is suffered). Which measures the 3 aspects of Burnout syndrome: the Exhaustion or Emotional Tiredness Subscale. Which values the experience of being emotionally exhausted by the demands of work. It consists of 9 questions (1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 13, 14,16, 20). Maximum score 54. The depersonalization subscale. Assess the degree to which each person recognizes attitudes of coldness and distance. It is made up of 5 items (5, 10, 11, 15, 22). Maximum score 30 and the personal accomplishment subscale. Evaluates feelings of self-knowledge and personal fulfillment at work. It is made up of 8 items (4, 7, 9, 12, 17, 18, 19, 21). Maximum score 48. The Pittsburgh survey that evaluates sleep quality, and the Kuorinka Nordic questionnaire, which is an instrument used to identify musculoskeletal symptoms, is used in different work settings with the aim of early detection of symptoms. musculoskeletal. This tool can be applied to all work populations that are exposed to risk factors to effectively carry out epidemiological control of musculoskeletal disorders with the aim of early action and prevention. Commonly the questionnaire is made up of two parts: A general one; with questions that observe the different parts of the body with some musculoskeletal symptom, in this same part it contains an anatomical map that identifies nine parts with posible signs, and they are: neck, shoulders, upper and lower back, wrists-hands, hip-thigh, knees, ankles. For the processing and analysis of the data, the statistical program SPSS version 25 (License from the Simón Bolívar University) was used, which included descriptive statistics to determine frequencies and percentages, as well as inferential statistics, using the Pearson chi-square test to examine posible relationships between variables. Results: Regarding the characteristics of burnout in the study population, 22.2% of workers report feeling exhausted by work a few times a year and 16.7% a few times a week. On the other hand, 66.7% of workers feel very active every day and 16.7% a few times a week. Regarding sleep characteristics, 50.0% of workers report having poor sleep quality, 31.5% good, and 18.5% regular. The surveyed workers belonging to the operational and administrative positions reveal that they have a poor quality of sleep, likewise, the musculoskeletal discomfort referring to 38.9% of the workers is in the neck area, presenting pain in the last 12 months. In the area of 44.40% of the wrist did not present pain in the last 12 months and in the lumbar area 31.50% of the workers did not present pain in the last 12 months. Conclusion: According to the findings, it can be concluded that the workers of the manufacturing company in the operational and administrative area have a bad level of exhaustion, the workers presented a high level of impoverishment of sleep quality, presenting mostly in operational positions and with a lower percentage in administrative positions. On the other hand, in musculoskeletal discomfort, the most relevant affected segment is the neck.
Objective: Determine the characteristics of Burnout, sleep levels and musculoskeletal symptoms in workers in the Colombian Caribbean Region. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study, applied to 54 workers whose economic activity is related to manufacturing. Variables such as burnout, sleep quality and musculoskeletal symptoms were evaluated through instruments such as the Maslach Burnout Inventory survey, which serves to measure work stress and is made up of 22 items in the form of statements about feelings and attitudes. Of the professional in his work. Their objective is to measure professional burnout (frequency and intensity with which Burnout is suffered). Which measures the 3 aspects of Burnout syndrome: the Exhaustion or Emotional Tiredness Subscale. Which values the experience of being emotionally exhausted by the demands of work. It consists of 9 questions (1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 13, 14,16, 20). Maximum score 54. The depersonalization subscale. Assess the degree to which each person recognizes attitudes of coldness and distance. It is made up of 5 items (5, 10, 11, 15, 22). Maximum score 30 and the personal accomplishment subscale. Evaluates feelings of self-knowledge and personal fulfillment at work. It is made up of 8 items (4, 7, 9, 12, 17, 18, 19, 21). Maximum score 48. The Pittsburgh survey that evaluates sleep quality, and the Kuorinka Nordic questionnaire, which is an instrument used to identify musculoskeletal symptoms, is used in different work settings with the aim of early detection of symptoms. musculoskeletal. This tool can be applied to all work populations that are exposed to risk factors to effectively carry out epidemiological control of musculoskeletal disorders with the aim of early action and prevention. Commonly the questionnaire is made up of two parts: A general one; with questions that observe the different parts of the body with some musculoskeletal symptom, in this same part it contains an anatomical map that identifies nine parts with posible signs, and they are: neck, shoulders, upper and lower back, wrists-hands, hip-thigh, knees, ankles. For the processing and analysis of the data, the statistical program SPSS version 25 (License from the Simón Bolívar University) was used, which included descriptive statistics to determine frequencies and percentages, as well as inferential statistics, using the Pearson chi-square test to examine posible relationships between variables. Results: Regarding the characteristics of burnout in the study population, 22.2% of workers report feeling exhausted by work a few times a year and 16.7% a few times a week. On the other hand, 66.7% of workers feel very active every day and 16.7% a few times a week. Regarding sleep characteristics, 50.0% of workers report having poor sleep quality, 31.5% good, and 18.5% regular. The surveyed workers belonging to the operational and administrative positions reveal that they have a poor quality of sleep, likewise, the musculoskeletal discomfort referring to 38.9% of the workers is in the neck area, presenting pain in the last 12 months. In the area of 44.40% of the wrist did not present pain in the last 12 months and in the lumbar area 31.50% of the workers did not present pain in the last 12 months. Conclusion: According to the findings, it can be concluded that the workers of the manufacturing company in the operational and administrative area have a bad level of exhaustion, the workers presented a high level of impoverishment of sleep quality, presenting mostly in operational positions and with a lower percentage in administrative positions. On the other hand, in musculoskeletal discomfort, the most relevant affected segment is the neck.
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Palabras clave
Estrés laboral, Trastornos de sueño, Salud laboral, Trabajadores