Propuesta de un sistema de energía solar fotovoltaica on-grid para el galpón avícola de la (Granja Mateus) ubicada en el sector la Garita Norte de Santander
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Sandoval Gaona, Josue Abraham
Rico Hernández, Estefanía
Carcamo Noreña, Yurainy Daniela
Martínez Gómez, Jesús Orlando
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ingenierías
Facultad de Ingenierías
Resumen
La creciente demanda energética en el sector avícola exige soluciones sostenibles. En la Granja Mateus, ubicada en La Garita (Norte de Santander), la alta dependencia de la red eléctrica eleva los costos operativos y la huella de carbono. Este estudio planteó una propuesta técnica y económica para implementar un sistema solar fotovoltaico on-grid que reduzca al menos un 30% del consumo mensual de energía.
Los objetivos incluyeron diagnosticar el consumo del galpón, evaluar la radiación solar, dimensionar la capacidad requerida y analizar la viabilidad financiera mediante TIR, VPN y periodo de retorno. La investigación fue aplicada, con enfoque mixto: el componente cuantitativo permitió analizar consumos y proyecciones financieras, mientras el cualitativo revisó la normativa vigente (Ley 1715 de 2014 y resoluciones CREG) y los impactos ambientales.
El diagnóstico indicó un consumo promedio de 4.332 kWh/mes y la necesidad de adecuaciones eléctricas para cumplir RETIE y NTC 2050. La zona presenta una irradiancia de 5,335 kWh/m²·día, adecuada para energía solar. Se determinó instalar 62 paneles monocristalinos de 500 Wp para alcanzar 12,2 kWp, capaces de generar unos 1.300 kWh/mes.
La inversión estimada es de $57.280.142 COP, con un ahorro mensual cercano a $1.085.500 COP y un payback entre 4,4 y 4,6 años. A 25 años, el ahorro acumulado superaría los $280 millones COP. Ambientalmente, el sistema evitaría 3.120 kg de CO₂ por año.
Se concluye que el sistema fotovoltaico propuesto es técnica y económicamente viable, mejora la eficiencia operativa y fortalece la sostenibilidad de la granja.
The growing energy demand in the poultry sector requires sustainable solutions. At Granja Mateus, located in La Garita (Norte de Santander), high dependence on the electricity grid increases operating costs and carbon footprint. This study proposed a technical and economic plan to implement an on-grid solar photovoltaic system that would reduce monthly energy consumption by at least 30%. The objectives included diagnosing the consumption of the shed, evaluating solar radiation, sizing the required capacity, and analyzing financial viability using IRR, NPV, and payback period. The research was applied, with a mixed approach: the quantitative component allowed for the analysis of consumption and financial projections, while the qualitative component reviewed current regulations (Law 1715 of 2014 and CREG resolutions) and environmental impacts. The diagnosis indicated an average consumption of 4,332 kWh/month and the need for electrical adjustments to comply with RETIE and NTC 2050. The area has an irradiance of 5,335 kWh/m²·day, suitable for solar energy. It was decided to install 62 monocrystalline 500 Wp panels to reach 12.2 kWp, capable of generating around 1,300 kWh/month. The estimated investment is $57,280,142 COP, with monthly savings of around $1,085,500 COP and a payback period of between 4.4 and 4.6 years. Over 25 years, the cumulative savings would exceed COP $280 million. Environmentally, the system would avoid 3,120 kg of CO₂ per year. It is concluded that the proposed photovoltaic system is technically and economically viable, improves operational efficiency, and strengthens the sustainability of the farm
The growing energy demand in the poultry sector requires sustainable solutions. At Granja Mateus, located in La Garita (Norte de Santander), high dependence on the electricity grid increases operating costs and carbon footprint. This study proposed a technical and economic plan to implement an on-grid solar photovoltaic system that would reduce monthly energy consumption by at least 30%. The objectives included diagnosing the consumption of the shed, evaluating solar radiation, sizing the required capacity, and analyzing financial viability using IRR, NPV, and payback period. The research was applied, with a mixed approach: the quantitative component allowed for the analysis of consumption and financial projections, while the qualitative component reviewed current regulations (Law 1715 of 2014 and CREG resolutions) and environmental impacts. The diagnosis indicated an average consumption of 4,332 kWh/month and the need for electrical adjustments to comply with RETIE and NTC 2050. The area has an irradiance of 5,335 kWh/m²·day, suitable for solar energy. It was decided to install 62 monocrystalline 500 Wp panels to reach 12.2 kWp, capable of generating around 1,300 kWh/month. The estimated investment is $57,280,142 COP, with monthly savings of around $1,085,500 COP and a payback period of between 4.4 and 4.6 years. Over 25 years, the cumulative savings would exceed COP $280 million. Environmentally, the system would avoid 3,120 kg of CO₂ per year. It is concluded that the proposed photovoltaic system is technically and economically viable, improves operational efficiency, and strengthens the sustainability of the farm
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Palabras clave
Energía solar fotovoltaica, Sistemas on-grid, Sostenibilidad, Operativa, Tasa interna de retorno, Valor presente neto
