Análisis de la adecuación de la educación virtual y aprendizaje significativo en los estudiantes de básica primaria de la zona rural de Norte de Santander en tiempos de COVID- 19
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Fecha
2020
Autores
Camargo Galindo, Luddary
Navarro Mendoza, Alvaro Enrique
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
Durante el año 2020, la OMS declara al Covid-19 como una pandemia, debido a los efectos mortales que sobre la humanidad tuvo esta enfermedad, con cifras alarmantes y con una rápida expansión por todos los países, desde su aparición en la ciudad de Wuhan, China. Ante este panorama, los Gobiernos del mundo deciden decretar la cuarentena obligatoria que confina a la población mundial y paraliza las actividades que en cada país se realizaban de manera cotidiana, lo anterior intentando mitigar las afectaciones que este letal virus tiene en las personas.
Con la declaratoria de la cuarentena como medida de prevención del contagio del Covid-19, se dio el cierre de las instituciones educativas por lo que los estudiantes de todo el mundo debieron abandonar sus clases presenciales para iniciar con la virtualidad como estrategia para continuar su proceso educativo. En esta transición las Tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) se convierten en la herramienta de uso principal en pro de lograr este objetivo, donde el desafío de los desafíos educativos ahora es el de conservar la “vitalidad de la educación y promover el desarrollo de aprendizajes significativos” (Expósito y Marsollier, 2020).
No obstante, llegar a la educación virtual de un salto sin preparación para ello, hace que el proceso educativo en países como Colombia y especialmente en la zona rural, no sea una tarea fácil, dado que el 74% de los estudiantes no tiene servicio de conectividad (Rey, 2020), por lo que como lo referencia (Hurtado, 2020), el reto de mayor relevancia en esta pandemia es minimizar las consecuencias directas e indirectas en el proceso de aprendizaje, en donde el sector rural se convierte en este momento crucial en el de mayor vulnerabilidad por no tener las condiciones requeridas en la virtualidad que se inicia.
En el marco del anterior contexto nace la idea de proyecto de grado de maestría que se presenta en este documento, en donde se traza como propósito, el analizar el aprendizaje significativo de los estudiantes de Básica Primaria de la Zona Rural de Norte de Santander y su adecuación a la educación virtual en tiempos de COVID- 19.
El documento se encuentra estructurado en cuatro grandes capítulos, en el que en primer lugar aborda las matices del problema identificado, a continuación en el segundo capítulo se realiza una revisión referencial desde todos los componentes involucrados, en el tercer capítulo se hace referencia a la metodología que se utiliza en el estudio de investigación y finalmente en el cuarto capítulo se presentan los resultados del instrumento metodológico que fue aplicado a los docentes de Norte de Santander seleccionados en el proceso de muestreo. Por último, se evidencia las conclusiones del estudio y las recomendaciones dadas por los investigadores para el Gobierno departamental, la Secretaría de Educación y los Docentes.
During the year 2020, the WHO declares the Covid-19 as a pandemic, due to the deadly effects that this disease had on humanity, with alarming numbers and a rapid expansion in all countries, since its appearance in the city of Wuhan, China. Against this backdrop, the governments of the world decide to decree the mandatory quarantine that confines the world population and paralyzes the activities that were carried out in each country on a daily basis, This is in an attempt to mitigate the effects that this lethal virus has on people. With the declaration of quarantine as a measure to prevent the spread of Covid-19, educational institutions were closed down so students from all over the world had to leave their classroom to start with virtuality as a strategy to continue their educational process. In this transition, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) become the main tool to be used to achieve this goal, where the challenge for education systems now is to preserve "vitality of education and promoting the development of meaningful learning" (Expósito and Marsollier, 2020). However, arriving at virtual education in one leap without preparation for it, makes the educational process in countries like Colombia and especially in the rural area, not an easy task, given that 74% of students do not have connectivity service (Rey, 2020), therefore, as mentioned (Hurtado, 2020), the most important challenge in this pandemic is to minimize the direct and indirect consequences in the learning process, where the rural sector becomes at this crucial moment of greatest vulnerability because it does not have the required conditions in the virtuality that begins. Within the framework of the previous context, the idea of a master’s degree project is born, which is presented in this document, where it is plotted as a purpose, the analysis of the significant learning of the students of Primary Basic of the Rural Zone of Norte de Santander and its adaptation to the virtual education in times of Covid- 19. The document is structured in four major chapters, in which first it addresses the nuances of the problem identified, then in the second chapter a referential review is carried out from all the components involved, in the third chapter refers to the methodology used in the research study and finally in the fourth chapter presents the results of the methodological instrument that was applied to the teachers of Norte de Santander selected in the process of sampling. Finally, the conclusions of the study and the recommendations given by the researchers for the Departmental Government, the Ministry of Education and Teachers are evidenced.
During the year 2020, the WHO declares the Covid-19 as a pandemic, due to the deadly effects that this disease had on humanity, with alarming numbers and a rapid expansion in all countries, since its appearance in the city of Wuhan, China. Against this backdrop, the governments of the world decide to decree the mandatory quarantine that confines the world population and paralyzes the activities that were carried out in each country on a daily basis, This is in an attempt to mitigate the effects that this lethal virus has on people. With the declaration of quarantine as a measure to prevent the spread of Covid-19, educational institutions were closed down so students from all over the world had to leave their classroom to start with virtuality as a strategy to continue their educational process. In this transition, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) become the main tool to be used to achieve this goal, where the challenge for education systems now is to preserve "vitality of education and promoting the development of meaningful learning" (Expósito and Marsollier, 2020). However, arriving at virtual education in one leap without preparation for it, makes the educational process in countries like Colombia and especially in the rural area, not an easy task, given that 74% of students do not have connectivity service (Rey, 2020), therefore, as mentioned (Hurtado, 2020), the most important challenge in this pandemic is to minimize the direct and indirect consequences in the learning process, where the rural sector becomes at this crucial moment of greatest vulnerability because it does not have the required conditions in the virtuality that begins. Within the framework of the previous context, the idea of a master’s degree project is born, which is presented in this document, where it is plotted as a purpose, the analysis of the significant learning of the students of Primary Basic of the Rural Zone of Norte de Santander and its adaptation to the virtual education in times of Covid- 19. The document is structured in four major chapters, in which first it addresses the nuances of the problem identified, then in the second chapter a referential review is carried out from all the components involved, in the third chapter refers to the methodology used in the research study and finally in the fourth chapter presents the results of the methodological instrument that was applied to the teachers of Norte de Santander selected in the process of sampling. Finally, the conclusions of the study and the recommendations given by the researchers for the Departmental Government, the Ministry of Education and Teachers are evidenced.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Aprendizaje significativo, TIC, Educción Virtual, COVID-19, Proceso educativo, Meaningful learning, ICT, Virtual Education, COVID-19, Educational process
