Estudio de caso: Rasgos de personalidad en un adulto víctima de abuso sexual infantil residente en la ciudad de Cúcuta, Norte de Santander
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Fecha
2022
Autores
Camacho Guevara, Ingrid Karime
Castellanos Cano, Paula Andrea
Medelo Gelvis, Kelly Johanna
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
Introducción y objetivo: El abuso sexual en la infancia (ASI) es considerado a nivel mundial como una problemática de salud pública que ha llamado la atención de diversas entidades y organizaciones debido a que esto genera diferentes afectaciones de naturaleza cognitiva, emocional y conductual a corto y largo plazo en personas que hayan sido víctimas de esta experiencia en su etapa de la infancia. El ASI consiste en hacer participar al niño en actividades sexuales tales como observar o hacer mirar las partes íntimas del niño o del adulto; toca o hacer tocar de manera seductora cualquier parte del cuerpo del niño o del adulto (Dinner, M. 2015). Por diferentes situaciones, factores o sucesos que puede vivir el ser humano en su desarrollo puede sufrir alteraciones en su personalidad, tal como lo menciona (Salvaggio, D. Sicardi, E. 2014) el cual plantea que “La personalidad es el resultado de la articulación dinámica de los aspectos psicológicos (intelectuales, afectivos, cognitivos y pulsionales) y biológicos (fisiológicos y morfológicos) característicos de cada persona y que le distinguen de las demás”, lo cual nos deja ver que los rasgos de personalidad en una persona puede ser cambiante dependiendo de sus interacciones y dinámicas sociales. Considerando lo anterior, este estudio se realizó con el objetivo de analizar los rasgos de personalidad en un adulto víctima de abuso sexual en la infancia residente en la ciudad de Cúcuta, Norte de Santander.
Materiales y métodos: En la presente investigación se utilizó un paradigma empírico analítico, el diseño implementado fue el descriptivo con un enfoque mixto y de corte transversal. En este estudio se realizó aplicación de los instrumentos CAQ (Clinical Analysis Questionnarie) adaptado a población española, el cuestionario factorial de personalidad 16-PF y una entrevista semiestructurada que busca reconocer que factores predisponentes y de riesgo posibilitan a un infante a ser víctima de abuso sexual. La muestra del presente estudio fue una sola participante.
Resultados y conclusiones: Los principales hallazgos obtenidos corresponden a que en relación a las puntuaciones de los instrumentos aplicados se evidencian notorios rasgos en la participante de sensibilidad, sentimentalismo, inmadurez, cariñosidad, hipocondría, inseguridad, impaciencia, vigilancia, suspicacia, con frecuentes perturbaciones emocionales y tendencias depresivas. Asimismo, dificultades en el establecimiento y mantenimiento de relaciones interpersonales, con gran preocupación por su salud física y los cambios que puedan surgir en su cuerpo, presencia pensamientos autodestructivos hacia su persona debido a sentimientos de insatisfacción y disgusto con la vida, también se evidencia concepto de sí misma como alguien torpe, no muy segura, con miedo a expresar su percepción sobre los actos y conductas que no le gustan que realicen los demás y con miedo a enfrentarse a ciertas exigencias, sentimientos de culpa que posee al haber vivido ciertas situaciones de las cuales presiente que puso haber evitado o reaccionado diferente, conductas evitativas ante el trato con personas que intentan aproximarse a ella y con personas cercanas a ellas. En este caso, en relación con los factores de riesgo se evidencia que aspectos relacionados al género predispone a una mayor vulnerabilidad en mujeres, además de características asociadas a la etapa de la adolescencia debido a los cambios puberales.
Introduction and objective: Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is considered worldwide as a public health problem that has attracted the attention of various entities and organizations because it generates different short and long term cognitive, emotional and behavioral affectations in people who have been victims of this experience in their childhood. CSA consists of making the child participate in sexual activities such as observing or making the child or adult look at intimate parts; touching or making the child touch in a seductive way any part of the child's or adult's body (Dinner, M. 2015). Due to different situations, factors or events that the human being may experience in his development, he may suffer alterations in his personality, as mentioned by (Salvaggio, D. Sicardi, E. 2014) which states that "Personality is the result of the dynamic articulation of the psychological (intellectual, affective, cognitive and drive) and biological (physiological and morphological) aspects characteristic of each person and that distinguish him/her from others", which lets us see that personality traits in a person can be changeable depending on their interactions and social dynamics. Considering the above, this study was conducted with the objective of analyzing the personality traits of an adult victim of childhood sexual abuse residing in the city of Cúcuta, Norte de Santander. Materials and methods: In the present research an analytical empirical paradigm was used, the design implemented was descriptive with a mixed and cross-sectional approach. In this study, the CAQ (Clinical Analysis Questionnaire) instruments adapted to the Spanish population, the factorial personality questionnaire 16-PF and a semi-structured interview were used to identify predisposing and risk factors that make it possible for an infant to be a victim of sexual abuse. The sample of the present study was a single participant. Results and conclusions: The main findings obtained correspond to the fact that in relation to the scores of the instruments applied, there is evidence of notorious traits in the participant of sensitivity, sentimentality, immaturity, affection, hypochondriasis, insecurity, impatience, vigilance, suspiciousness, with frequent emotional disturbances and depressive tendencies. Also, difficulties in establishing and maintaining interpersonal relationships, with great concern for her physical health and the changes that may arise in her body, presence of self-destructive thoughts towards herself due to feelings of dissatisfaction and disgust with life, also self-concept is evident as someone clumsy, not very confident, with fear of expressing her perception of the acts and behaviors that she does not like that others perform and with fear of facing certain demands, feelings of guilt that she possesses for having lived through certain situations which she feels she could have avoided or reacted differently, avoidant behaviors when dealing with people who try to approach her and with people close to them. In this case, in relation to risk factors, it is evident that gender-related aspects predispose women to greater vulnerability, in addition to characteristics associated with the adolescent stage due to pubertal changes.
Introduction and objective: Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is considered worldwide as a public health problem that has attracted the attention of various entities and organizations because it generates different short and long term cognitive, emotional and behavioral affectations in people who have been victims of this experience in their childhood. CSA consists of making the child participate in sexual activities such as observing or making the child or adult look at intimate parts; touching or making the child touch in a seductive way any part of the child's or adult's body (Dinner, M. 2015). Due to different situations, factors or events that the human being may experience in his development, he may suffer alterations in his personality, as mentioned by (Salvaggio, D. Sicardi, E. 2014) which states that "Personality is the result of the dynamic articulation of the psychological (intellectual, affective, cognitive and drive) and biological (physiological and morphological) aspects characteristic of each person and that distinguish him/her from others", which lets us see that personality traits in a person can be changeable depending on their interactions and social dynamics. Considering the above, this study was conducted with the objective of analyzing the personality traits of an adult victim of childhood sexual abuse residing in the city of Cúcuta, Norte de Santander. Materials and methods: In the present research an analytical empirical paradigm was used, the design implemented was descriptive with a mixed and cross-sectional approach. In this study, the CAQ (Clinical Analysis Questionnaire) instruments adapted to the Spanish population, the factorial personality questionnaire 16-PF and a semi-structured interview were used to identify predisposing and risk factors that make it possible for an infant to be a victim of sexual abuse. The sample of the present study was a single participant. Results and conclusions: The main findings obtained correspond to the fact that in relation to the scores of the instruments applied, there is evidence of notorious traits in the participant of sensitivity, sentimentality, immaturity, affection, hypochondriasis, insecurity, impatience, vigilance, suspiciousness, with frequent emotional disturbances and depressive tendencies. Also, difficulties in establishing and maintaining interpersonal relationships, with great concern for her physical health and the changes that may arise in her body, presence of self-destructive thoughts towards herself due to feelings of dissatisfaction and disgust with life, also self-concept is evident as someone clumsy, not very confident, with fear of expressing her perception of the acts and behaviors that she does not like that others perform and with fear of facing certain demands, feelings of guilt that she possesses for having lived through certain situations which she feels she could have avoided or reacted differently, avoidant behaviors when dealing with people who try to approach her and with people close to them. In this case, in relation to risk factors, it is evident that gender-related aspects predispose women to greater vulnerability, in addition to characteristics associated with the adolescent stage due to pubertal changes.
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Palabras clave
Personalidad, Abuso sexual infantil, Factores predisponentes, Violencia infantil, Personality, Child sexual abuse, Predisposing factors, Child violence
