Incidencia de las experiencias tempranas adversas en la infancia en la conducta perpetradora de abusadores sexuales en Colombia: un enfoque desde la Psicología Forense y el Derecho Penal
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Castillo Soto, Paola Patricia
Parrao Salcedo, Eda Cristina
Llerena Serrano, Deyanira Victoria
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
Esta monografía analiza la relación entre las experiencias tempranas adversas (ETA) en la infancia y la conducta perpetradora de delitos sexuales en adultos, desde un enfoque interdisciplinario que integra la psicología forense y el derecho penal colombiano. A partir de una metodología cualitativa de revisión integradora, se recopila y analiza información proveniente de estudios científicos y sentencias judiciales nacionales para comprender cómo las ETA —como el abuso infantil, la negligencia, la violencia intrafamiliar y la institucionalización— afectan el desarrollo emocional, neurobiológico y moral del individuo, configurando posibles trayectorias de riesgo hacia la conducta sexual delictiva.
En la revisión jurisprudencial se estudiaron sentencias como la SP1092-2020 y la SP15049-2017 de la Corte Suprema de Justicia, donde, a pesar de que los agresores presentaban antecedentes de abuso, abandono o exposición a entornos violentos, estos factores fueron apenas mencionados y no influyeron sustancialmente en la argumentación judicial ni en la determinación de la pena. Lo anterior pone en evidencia una brecha significativa entre el conocimiento científico disponible y su aplicación práctica en el sistema penal colombiano.
El marco teórico de esta investigación articula hallazgos de la psicología del trauma (Teicher & Samson, 2016), estudios sobre repetición intergeneracional del abuso (Finkelhor, 2009), y modelos criminológicos como el del aprendizaje social (Bandura, 1973), permitiendo comprender cómo las ETA pueden alterar la empatía, el control de impulsos y los vínculos afectivos del sujeto. Asimismo, se evidencian las limitaciones del enfoque retributivo predominante en la justicia penal y la escasa articulación entre los peritajes forenses y las decisiones judiciales.
This monograph analyzes the relationship between adverse early experiences (AEE) in childhood and perpetration of sexual crimes in adulthood, using an interdisciplinary approach that integrates forensic psychology and Colombian criminal law. Using a qualitative integrative review methodology, information from scientific studies and national court rulings is compiled and analyzed to understand how AEC—such as child abuse, neglect, domestic violence, and institutionalization—affect an individual's emotional, neurobiological, and moral development, shaping possible risk trajectories toward criminal sexual behavior. The jurisprudential review studied rulings such as SP1092-2020 and SP15049-2017 of the Supreme Court of Justice, where, despite the fact that the perpetrators had a history of abuse, neglect, or exposure to violent environments, these factors were barely mentioned and did not substantially influence the judicial argumentation or the determination of the sentence. This highlights a significant gap between the available scientific knowledge and its practical application in the Colombian criminal justice system. The theoretical framework of this research articulates findings from trauma psychology (Teicher & Samson, 2016), studies on intergenerational repetition of abuse (Finkelhor, 2009), and criminological models such as social learning (Bandura, 1973), allowing us to understand how ATEs can alter empathy, impulse control, and emotional bonds in individuals. It also highlights the limitations of the predominant retributive approach in criminal justice and the lack of coordination between forensic reports and judicial decisions.
This monograph analyzes the relationship between adverse early experiences (AEE) in childhood and perpetration of sexual crimes in adulthood, using an interdisciplinary approach that integrates forensic psychology and Colombian criminal law. Using a qualitative integrative review methodology, information from scientific studies and national court rulings is compiled and analyzed to understand how AEC—such as child abuse, neglect, domestic violence, and institutionalization—affect an individual's emotional, neurobiological, and moral development, shaping possible risk trajectories toward criminal sexual behavior. The jurisprudential review studied rulings such as SP1092-2020 and SP15049-2017 of the Supreme Court of Justice, where, despite the fact that the perpetrators had a history of abuse, neglect, or exposure to violent environments, these factors were barely mentioned and did not substantially influence the judicial argumentation or the determination of the sentence. This highlights a significant gap between the available scientific knowledge and its practical application in the Colombian criminal justice system. The theoretical framework of this research articulates findings from trauma psychology (Teicher & Samson, 2016), studies on intergenerational repetition of abuse (Finkelhor, 2009), and criminological models such as social learning (Bandura, 1973), allowing us to understand how ATEs can alter empathy, impulse control, and emotional bonds in individuals. It also highlights the limitations of the predominant retributive approach in criminal justice and the lack of coordination between forensic reports and judicial decisions.
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Palabras clave
Experiencias tempranas adversas, Abuso infantil, Agresores sexuales, Neurodesarrollo, Psicología forense, Jurisprudencia colombiana, Trauma
