Finanzas conductuales: influencia de factores sociodemográficos en las conductas financieras de los pensionados de Barranquilla
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Fecha
2022
Autores
Villalobo Rodríguez, Melisa Yanivis
Roenes Puente, Virginia Piedad
Pérez Meléndez, Anaer Gary
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Resumen
Los paradigmas clásicos de las teorías financieras consideraban que los individuos son racionales y sus decisiones dependían de su conocimiento, experiencia e intuición; sin embargo, dichas teorías no explicaban las conductas económicas irracionales; es por ello que investigadores posteriores demostraron que los individuos, en muchos casos, no son racionales y sus conductas son una respuesta a efectos o factores contextuales externos (sociodemográficos), basados en estudios que utilizan variables psicológicas y económicas, conocidos como finanzas conductuales. Por ello, en esta investigación se tiene como objetivo determinar la Influencia de factores sociodemográficos como estructura familiar, escolaridad y nivel socioeconómico en las conductas, asociándolos a diferentes sesgos cognitivos y atajos mentales (heurísticos) de los pensionados de Barranquilla al momento de tomar decisiones financieras. Se utilizó una metodología de enfoque cuantitativo, descriptiva no experimental transversal, desarrollada mediante la aplicación de cuestionario, a la población muestra de 188 pensionados, lo que permitió analizar el comportamiento financiero de este grupo, sus preferencias y motivaciones; así mismo se estableció la relación estadística entre los factores sociodemográficos y las conductas financieras por medio de un análisis de varianza multifactorial (ANOVA), obteniendo una relación estadísticamente significativa entre el nivel educativo y las conductas. A partir de estos resultados, se propone un modelo de negocio de base tecnológica (Fintech), sustentado en un análisis de tendencias y oportunidades del ecosistema de innovación del entorno, con el propósito de promoverla educación e inclusión financiera para los pensionados.
The classic paradigms of financial theories considered that people are rational and their decisions depended on their knowledge, experience and intuition; However, these theories did not explain irrational economic behaviors; That is why later researchers demonstrated that individuals, in many cases, are not rational and their behaviors are a response to external effects or contextual factors (sociodemographic), based on studies that use psychological and economic variables, known as behavioral finance. Therefore, this research aims to determine the influence of sociodemographic factors such as family structure, schooling, and socioeconomic level on behaviors, associating them with different cognitive biases and mental shortcuts (heuristics) of pensioners in Barranquilla when making financial decisions. A quantitative, descriptive, non-experimental cross-sectional methodology was used, developed through the application of a questionnaire to the sample population of 188 pensioners, which allowed analyzing the financial behavior of this group, their preferences and motivations; Likewise, the statistical relationship between sociodemographic factors and financial behaviors was established through a multifactorial analysis of variance (ANOVA), obtaining a statistically significant relationship between educational level and behaviors. Based on these results, a technology-based business model (Fintech) is proposed, derived from an analysis of trends and opportunities in the innovation ecosystem of the ambient, with the purpose of promoting education and financial inclusion for retirees.
The classic paradigms of financial theories considered that people are rational and their decisions depended on their knowledge, experience and intuition; However, these theories did not explain irrational economic behaviors; That is why later researchers demonstrated that individuals, in many cases, are not rational and their behaviors are a response to external effects or contextual factors (sociodemographic), based on studies that use psychological and economic variables, known as behavioral finance. Therefore, this research aims to determine the influence of sociodemographic factors such as family structure, schooling, and socioeconomic level on behaviors, associating them with different cognitive biases and mental shortcuts (heuristics) of pensioners in Barranquilla when making financial decisions. A quantitative, descriptive, non-experimental cross-sectional methodology was used, developed through the application of a questionnaire to the sample population of 188 pensioners, which allowed analyzing the financial behavior of this group, their preferences and motivations; Likewise, the statistical relationship between sociodemographic factors and financial behaviors was established through a multifactorial analysis of variance (ANOVA), obtaining a statistically significant relationship between educational level and behaviors. Based on these results, a technology-based business model (Fintech) is proposed, derived from an analysis of trends and opportunities in the innovation ecosystem of the ambient, with the purpose of promoting education and financial inclusion for retirees.
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Finanzas conductuales, Decisiones financieras, Sesgos y atajos mentales, Fintech, Behavioral finance, Financial decisions, Biases and mental shortcuts
