Relación entre la variabilidad intra-individual de los tiempos de reacción (IIV-RT) y la inhibición de la respuesta en adolescentes y adultos con TDAH de la ciudad de Barranquilla
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Fecha
2022
Autores
Jiménez Ayala, Andrea Stefanía
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
El Trastorno por Déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) es un desorden del Neuro-desarrollo, cuyos principales dominios sintomáticos son: la inatención, hiperactividad e impulsividad (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Estos síntomas se caracterizan por ser persistentes e inapropiados para la edad cronológica y se presentan en diferentes contextos donde se desarrolla un individuo (familiar, social, laboral y/o escolar) (Okumura et al., 2019). La evidencia sugiere que estos síntomas, persisten de manera diferenciada a lo largo del ciclo vital (Lubar et al., 1995; Shallice et al., 2002).
Los estudios longitudinales, revelan que el deterioro funcional debido a los síntomas del TDAH continúa hasta la adolescencia y la edad adulta para la mayoría de las personas. Y están asociados con resultados adversos como: la deserción académica y/o laboral, adicciones, inestabilidad emocional, problemas adaptativos, entre otros (Canals et al., 2018; Kofler et al., 2013).
Hasta el momento no ha sido posible especificar un perfil neuropsicológico que defina a los sujetos con TDAH, más allá de las definiciones categoriales, pues la evidencia sustenta una
alta heterogeneidad a nivel neurofisiológico (estructural, funcional) y cognitivo, a lo largo del ciclo vital (Halperin & Schulz, 2006; Hinshaw, 2018; Nigg et al., 2020).
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a Neurodevelopmental disorder, whose main symptom domains are: inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). These symptoms are characterized by being persistent and inappropriate for chronological age and occur in different contexts where an individual develops (family, social, work and/or school) (Okumura et al., 2019). Evidence suggests that these symptoms persist in a differentiated manner throughout the life cycle (Lubar et al., 1995; Shallice et al., 2002). Longitudinal studies reveal that functional impairment due to ADHD symptoms continues into adolescence and adulthood for most people. And they are associated with adverse outcomes such as: academic and/or job dropout, addictions, emotional instability, adaptive problems, among others (Canals et al., 2018; Kofler et al., 2013). Until now, it has not been possible to specify a neuropsychological profile that defines subjects with ADHD, beyond categorical definitions, since the evidence supports a high degree of heterogeneity at the neurophysiological (structural, functional) and cognitive levels, throughout the life cycle. (Halperin & Schulz, 2006; Hinshaw, 2018; Nigg et al., 2020).
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a Neurodevelopmental disorder, whose main symptom domains are: inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). These symptoms are characterized by being persistent and inappropriate for chronological age and occur in different contexts where an individual develops (family, social, work and/or school) (Okumura et al., 2019). Evidence suggests that these symptoms persist in a differentiated manner throughout the life cycle (Lubar et al., 1995; Shallice et al., 2002). Longitudinal studies reveal that functional impairment due to ADHD symptoms continues into adolescence and adulthood for most people. And they are associated with adverse outcomes such as: academic and/or job dropout, addictions, emotional instability, adaptive problems, among others (Canals et al., 2018; Kofler et al., 2013). Until now, it has not been possible to specify a neuropsychological profile that defines subjects with ADHD, beyond categorical definitions, since the evidence supports a high degree of heterogeneity at the neurophysiological (structural, functional) and cognitive levels, throughout the life cycle. (Halperin & Schulz, 2006; Hinshaw, 2018; Nigg et al., 2020).
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TDAH, Inhibición de la respuesta, Variabilidad de los tiempos de reacción, Correlación, Edad, ADHD, Response inhibition, Reaction time variability, Correlation, Age
