Susceptibilidad genética frente al cáncer bucal por infección del virus del papiloma humano
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Fecha
2019
Autores
Rebolledo-Cobos, Martha
Yáñez-Torregrosa, Zuleima
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Academia Nacional de Medicina de México
Resumen
Los carcinógenos ambientales y el virus del papiloma humano (VPH) son los principales responsables del cáncer bucal. Los factores de susceptibilidad en el genoma humano desempeñan un papel modulador del riesgo, sin embargo, no todos los individuos expuestos a los carcinógenos padecen cáncer. El objetivo de la presente revisión es describir los principales factores de susceptibilidad genética para cáncer bucal en individuos con infección por VPH. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en tres bases de datos en inglés; solo siete artículos cumplieron con los criterios de selección. Se registraron polimorfismos genéticos en tres categorías relacionados con el VPH y que participan en la oncogénesis. Se identificaron tres artículos relativos a la desregulación de los mecanismos de control del ciclo celular, uno relativo a mutaciones en la vía de la apoptosis y tres a polimorfismos en genes de respuesta inflamatoria e inmune. La asociación entre polimorfismos para el desarrollo de cáncer bucal y VPH es evidente, aunque continúa en estudio ya que no siempre el patrón de oncogénesis de las neoplasias bucales está relacionado con el VPH, sino con otros factores ambientales o epigenéticos.
Environmental carcinogens and human papillomavirus (HPV) are the main responsible factors for oral cancer. Susceptibility factors in the human genome play a risk-modulating role; however not all individuals exposed to these carcinogens suffer from cancer. The purpose of the present review is to describe the main factors of genetic susceptibility to oral cancer due to HPV infection. A systematic search was carried out in three databases in English, with only 7 articles meeting the selection criteria. Genetic polymorphisms are shown in three categories, which are related to HPV and participate in oncogenesis. Three articles related to deregulation of cell cycle control mechanisms were identified, as well as one referring to mutations in the apoptosis pathway and three about polymorphisms in inflammatory and immune response genes. The association of polymorphisms for the development of oral cancer by HPV is evident, although it remains under study. Oral neoplasms’ oncogenesis pattern is not always associated with HPV, but with other environmental or epigenetic factors.
Environmental carcinogens and human papillomavirus (HPV) are the main responsible factors for oral cancer. Susceptibility factors in the human genome play a risk-modulating role; however not all individuals exposed to these carcinogens suffer from cancer. The purpose of the present review is to describe the main factors of genetic susceptibility to oral cancer due to HPV infection. A systematic search was carried out in three databases in English, with only 7 articles meeting the selection criteria. Genetic polymorphisms are shown in three categories, which are related to HPV and participate in oncogenesis. Three articles related to deregulation of cell cycle control mechanisms were identified, as well as one referring to mutations in the apoptosis pathway and three about polymorphisms in inflammatory and immune response genes. The association of polymorphisms for the development of oral cancer by HPV is evident, although it remains under study. Oral neoplasms’ oncogenesis pattern is not always associated with HPV, but with other environmental or epigenetic factors.
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Palabras clave
Susceptibilidad genética, Cáncer bucal, Polimorfismos, Virus del papiloma humano, Mutación, Genetic susceptibility, Oral cancer, Polymorphisms, Human papillomavirus, Mutation
