Evaluación in vitro del potencial antimicrobiano de Quitosano obtenido de residuos de jaiba (Callinectes sapidus) usando cloruro de calcio, metanol y agua sobre Salmonella spp y Pseudomonas spp
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Acosta González , Yamit Didier
Terán Lizcano, Aixa Isabel
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas
Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas
Resumen
La quitina es el segundo biopolímero más abundante de la naturaleza, siendo solo superado por la celulosa. Este se encuentra presente en los exoesqueletos de crustáceos y se transforma en quitosano mediante reacciones de desacetilación. A nivel biotecnológico presenta características atractivas para la industria alimentaria, tales como biocompatibilidad y actividad antimicrobiana. En este trabajo de investigación se evaluará el efecto del quitosano, obtenido de residuos de jaibas (Callinectes sapidus) empleando cloruro de calcio, metanol y agua, en la inhibición del crecimiento de Salmonella spp y Pseudomonas spp. La mezcla de cloruro de calcio, metanol y agua se usará como alternativa a los métodos convencionales de obtención de quitina-quitosano, ya que se ha demostrado que el uso de hidróxido de sodio y ácido clorhídrico a altas concentraciones tiene un efecto nocivo para el medio ambiente y también compromete la purificación del quitosano obtenido. El quitosano obtenido presentó un porcentaje de desacetilación aproximadamente del 55% y presentó un efecto inhibitorio a concentraciones diluidas del 0.5 y 1% sobre la Salmonella spp., mientras que para Pseudomonas spp. la inhibición no fue efectiva debido a su resistencia intrínseca a concentraciones bajas de quitosano. Estos resultados preliminares muestran la posibilidad de usar el quitosano obtenido de jaibas empleando cloruro de calcio, metanol y agua para elaborar bioproductos, como bio-plásticos o bio-envases, con aplicación en seguridad alimentaria y conservación de alimentos.
Chitin is the second most abundant biopolymer in nature, surpassed only by cellulose. It is present in crustacean exoskeletons and is converted into chitosan via deacetylation reactions. From a biotechnological standpoint, it exhibits characteristics that are attractive to the food industry, such as biocompatibility and antimicrobial activity. In this research, the effect of chitosan—obtained from crab waste (Callinectes sapidus) using calcium chloride, methanol and water—on the inhibition of Salmonella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. growth will be evaluated. The calcium chloride–methanol–water mixture will be used as an alternative to conventional chitin–chitosan extraction methods, since it has been shown that the use of high concentrations of sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid is harmful to the environment and also compromises the purity of the resulting chitosan. The chitosan obtained exhibited an approximate degree of deacetylation of 55% and showed an inhibitory effect at dilute concentrations concentrations of 0.5% and 1% on Salmonella spp., while for Pseudomonas spp. the inhibition was not effective due to its intrinsic resistance to low concentrations of chitosan. against Salmonella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. These preliminary results demonstrate the potential to use chitosan derived from crab waste— extracted with calcium chloride, methanol and water—to produce bioproducts, such as bioplastics or bio-based packaging, with applications in food safety and preservation.
Chitin is the second most abundant biopolymer in nature, surpassed only by cellulose. It is present in crustacean exoskeletons and is converted into chitosan via deacetylation reactions. From a biotechnological standpoint, it exhibits characteristics that are attractive to the food industry, such as biocompatibility and antimicrobial activity. In this research, the effect of chitosan—obtained from crab waste (Callinectes sapidus) using calcium chloride, methanol and water—on the inhibition of Salmonella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. growth will be evaluated. The calcium chloride–methanol–water mixture will be used as an alternative to conventional chitin–chitosan extraction methods, since it has been shown that the use of high concentrations of sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid is harmful to the environment and also compromises the purity of the resulting chitosan. The chitosan obtained exhibited an approximate degree of deacetylation of 55% and showed an inhibitory effect at dilute concentrations concentrations of 0.5% and 1% on Salmonella spp., while for Pseudomonas spp. the inhibition was not effective due to its intrinsic resistance to low concentrations of chitosan. against Salmonella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. These preliminary results demonstrate the potential to use chitosan derived from crab waste— extracted with calcium chloride, methanol and water—to produce bioproducts, such as bioplastics or bio-based packaging, with applications in food safety and preservation.
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Palabras clave
Quitina, Inhibición, Química verde, Patógenos alimentarios
