Aplicación del mecanismo de la justicia restaurativa frente al delito de violencia intrafamiliar durante los años 2019-2021 en el distrito judicial de Cúcuta
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Fecha
2023
Autores
Pérez Ortiz, Digneri
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
En Colombia son muy frecuentes los casos de violencia intrafamiliar, donde las víctimas, los victimarios e integrantes de la sociedad afectada, aprecian que, el sistema de justicia penal no responde debidamente sus necesidades. Asimismo, los profesionales del sistema jurídico y derecho penal bien sean: Jueces, fiscales, abogados, procurador y funcionarios penitenciarios, han declarado una gran problemática y congestión de los despachos judiciales, inclusive se aprecia el difícil acceso a la justicia para las personas que viven este flagelo. Es por esto por lo que, esta investigación tuvo como finalidad “Determinar la aplicación del mecanismo de la Justicia Restaurativa frente al delito de violencia intrafamiliar durante los años 2019-2021 en el Distrito Judicial de Cúcuta.”. Para ello, cumplió con una metodología documental con un enfoque cualitativo, en la cual facilitó recopilar la información dentro de los diferentes pensamientos y autores estudiosos de la materia sobre el alcance que tiene la justicia restaurativa dentro de la violencia intrafamiliar, buscando herramientas que permitan la descongestión judicial y hacer más célere los procesos. En cuanto a la recolección de datos se efectuó mediante una revisión de documentos, textos y artículos científicos de las diferentes páginas de diversas plataformas que aportan gran variedad de estudios sobre el tema tratante. Al mismo tiempo, se formuló un cuestionario con una serie de preguntas en forma de entrevista a jueces y fiscales del Distrito Judicial de Cúcuta, obteniendo como resultados la importancia de la aplicabilidad de
los mecanismos de la justicia restaurativa frente a la violencia intrafamiliar, y el gran alcance que tienen estos, tales como: perdón, conciliación, mediación o indemnización victimario-victima para establecer garantías procesales para ambas partes. Por otro lado, se evidenció la importancia de la evolución legislativa en el contexto colombiano sobre la violencia intrafamiliar la cual fue modificada por el artículo 1 de la ley 1959 de 2019 donde dispone que, quien maltrate física o psicológicamente a cualquier miembro de su núcleo familiar, incurrirá en prisión de 4 a 8 años, excluyendo el maltrato sexual, puesto que no configura delito de violencia intrafamiliar. Reglón seguido, se destaca dentro del proyecto que el ámbito internacional busca alternativas de solución de conflictos presentados en el contexto familiar, basándose en organismos y documentos que aporten en la reparación y el subsane de los daños causados por el agresor. Se concluye que, urge restaurar las situaciones que están destruyendo el tejido social de un país devastado por la violencia desmedida desde los hogares. Mientras tanto, en la práctica judicial, se demuestra la importancia de la reparación de las víctimas, su prioridad en el proceso penal, esfuerzos que deben realizar las autoridades para proteger sus derechos y, por supuesto, aplicar los mecanismos de la justicia restaurativa como un medio de solventar la violencia y que el derecho penal no sea de gran aplicabilidad y sea la última ratio en los casos de violencia en los hogares, puesto que hasta el momento ha demostrado no ser la solución a la problemática, donde se debe velar por contribuir al fortalecimiento del núcleo familiar y los derechos tanto de las víctimas como del victimario.
In Colombia, cases of intrafamily violence are very frequent, where the victims, the perpetrators and members of the affected society appreciate that the criminal justice system does not adequately respond to their needs. Likewise, the professionals of the legal system and criminal law, whether they are: Judges, prosecutors, lawyers, prosecutors and prison officials, have declared a great problem and congestion of judicial offices, including the difficult access to justice for people who live this scourge. This is why this research had the purpose of "Determining the application of the Restorative Justice mechanism against the crime of intrafamily violence during the years 2019-2021 in the Judicial District of Cúcuta." For it, complied with a documentary methodology with a qualitative approach, in which it facilitated the collection of information within the different thoughts and scholarly authors of the matter on the scope of restorative justice within intrafamily violence, seeking tools that allow judicial decongestion and speed up the processes. Regarding the data collection, it was carried out through a review of documents, texts and scientific articles from the different pages of various platforms that provide a wide variety of studies on the subject in question. At the same time, a questionnaire was formulated with a series of questions in the form of an interview with judges and prosecutors of the Judicial District of Cúcuta, Obtaining as results the importance of the applicability of restorative justice mechanisms against intrafamily violence, and the great scope that these have, such as: forgiveness, conciliation, mediation or victim-victim compensation to establish procedural guarantees for both parties. On the other hand, the importance of the legislative evolution in the Colombian context on intra-family violence was evidenced, which was modified by article 1 of Law 1959 of 2019 where it provides that, whoever physically or psychologically mistreats any member of their family nucleus , will incur a prison term of 4 to 8 years, excluding sexual abuse, since it does not constitute a crime of intrafamily violence. Rule followed, It is highlighted within the project that the international arena seeks alternative solutions to conflicts presented in the family context, based on organizations and documents that contribute to the repair and rectification of the damage caused by the aggressor. It is concluded that it is urgent to restore the situations that are destroying the social fabric of a country devastated by excessive violence from homes. Meanwhile, in judicial practice, the importance of reparation for victims is demonstrated, their priority in the criminal process, the efforts that the authorities must make to protect their rights and, of course, apply the mechanisms of restorative justice as a means of resolving violence and that criminal law is not highly applicable and is the last resort in cases of violence in homes, since up to now it has proven not to be the solution to the problem, where care must be taken to contribute to the strengthening of the family nucleus and the rights of both the victims and the perpetrator
In Colombia, cases of intrafamily violence are very frequent, where the victims, the perpetrators and members of the affected society appreciate that the criminal justice system does not adequately respond to their needs. Likewise, the professionals of the legal system and criminal law, whether they are: Judges, prosecutors, lawyers, prosecutors and prison officials, have declared a great problem and congestion of judicial offices, including the difficult access to justice for people who live this scourge. This is why this research had the purpose of "Determining the application of the Restorative Justice mechanism against the crime of intrafamily violence during the years 2019-2021 in the Judicial District of Cúcuta." For it, complied with a documentary methodology with a qualitative approach, in which it facilitated the collection of information within the different thoughts and scholarly authors of the matter on the scope of restorative justice within intrafamily violence, seeking tools that allow judicial decongestion and speed up the processes. Regarding the data collection, it was carried out through a review of documents, texts and scientific articles from the different pages of various platforms that provide a wide variety of studies on the subject in question. At the same time, a questionnaire was formulated with a series of questions in the form of an interview with judges and prosecutors of the Judicial District of Cúcuta, Obtaining as results the importance of the applicability of restorative justice mechanisms against intrafamily violence, and the great scope that these have, such as: forgiveness, conciliation, mediation or victim-victim compensation to establish procedural guarantees for both parties. On the other hand, the importance of the legislative evolution in the Colombian context on intra-family violence was evidenced, which was modified by article 1 of Law 1959 of 2019 where it provides that, whoever physically or psychologically mistreats any member of their family nucleus , will incur a prison term of 4 to 8 years, excluding sexual abuse, since it does not constitute a crime of intrafamily violence. Rule followed, It is highlighted within the project that the international arena seeks alternative solutions to conflicts presented in the family context, based on organizations and documents that contribute to the repair and rectification of the damage caused by the aggressor. It is concluded that it is urgent to restore the situations that are destroying the social fabric of a country devastated by excessive violence from homes. Meanwhile, in judicial practice, the importance of reparation for victims is demonstrated, their priority in the criminal process, the efforts that the authorities must make to protect their rights and, of course, apply the mechanisms of restorative justice as a means of resolving violence and that criminal law is not highly applicable and is the last resort in cases of violence in homes, since up to now it has proven not to be the solution to the problem, where care must be taken to contribute to the strengthening of the family nucleus and the rights of both the victims and the perpetrator
Descripción
Palabras clave
Derechos, Delito, Intrafamiliar, Justicia restaurativa, Violencia, Rights, Crime, Intrafamily, Restorative justice, Violence
