Análisis del derecho humano de información consular dentro del proceso penal llevados en la frontera colombo venezolana y establecido en la Convención de Viena de 1963 como derecho humano
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Fecha
2021
Autores
Junior Pérez Vera, Ramiro
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
Resumen: Las normativas internacionales vinculadas a los ordenamientos jurídicos nacionales, en Colombia, a causa del artículo 93 de la Constitución Política de Colombia de 1991, se determinan por ser escenarios jurídicos trascendentales que deben ser respetados y garantizados por los Estados, específicamente por sus instituciones frente a los ciudadanos.
El derecho de información consular consagrado en el artículo 36 de la Convención de Viena de 1963, correspondiente al procedimiento penal, se define por ser la situación jurídica de acompañamiento y garantía de los derechos y libertades de los ciudadanos por parte de las instituciones consulares, situación que se identificó en el presente documento investigativo en la zona de frontera entre Colombia y Venezuela, escenario seleccionado a causa del alto nivel de población migrante que se ha presentado en este lugar.
La finalidad del presente documento corresponde a identificar con plenitud en que consiste este derecho, su relación con los derechos fundamentales, las formas en cómo se desarrolla, los antecedentes jurídicos internacionales respecto a la vulneración de este derecho, su conocimiento y aplicación en el territorio nacional y por último la efectividad de este derecho en la zona de frontera.
Antecedentes: La resolución de la problemática que se ha determinado en el presente documento investigativo se desarrolla en el siguiente orden: Derechos Humanos, Derecho de Información Consular, Convención de Viena de 1963, Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos opinión consultiva OC-16/99 del 01 de octubre de 1999, casos LaGrand (Germany Vs. USA) y Avena (México Vs. USA).
Los Derechos Humanos son definidos por las Naciones Unidas como los:
Aquellas libertades que son propias de las personas naturales, no existen ningún tipo de distinción sobre las nacionalidades, los sexos, las etnias, la religión, adicionalmente aclara que todas las personas son poseedoras de los derechos que han sido reconocidos y añade tres características, son interrelacionados, interdependientes e indivisibles. (Naciones Unidas, s.f.).
De igual manera Pérez Luño señala que los derechos humanos son aquellas libertades basadas principalmente en la dignidad de la persona, la igualdad y su libertad, escenarios que deben ser reconocidos de forma directa y clara por parte de las instituciones en el orden nacional e internacional. (Ruiz, 2007).
La declaración de los Derechos Humanos es identificada por ser un avance significativo a nivel mundial para el respeto de las personas sin tener presente la condición o factores inherentes a cada uno de ellos, por medio de esta declaración se instituyó la dignidad humana, generando que en cada actuación ejecutada en la sociedad se tenga presente para no realizar ningún tipo de vulneración o lesión hacia las libertades reconocidas.
Objetivo general
Analizar la efectividad del derecho humano de la asistencia consular establecido en la convención de Viena de 1963, en la frontera colombo venezolana dentro de un proceso penal.
Objetivos específicos
Definir dentro de los conceptos de los derechos humanos específicamente el derecho humano de la información consular establecido en la convención de Viena de 1963.
Analizar la importancia de la convención de Viena de 1963, la cual desarrolla las relaciones consulares entre Estados y que casos se han presentado a nivel internacional en la protección o negación de este derecho humano.
Determinar la efectividad del derecho humano de información consular establecida en la convención de Viena de 1963, en la frontera entre Colombia y Venezuela dentro de un proceso penal.
Materiales y Métodos:
Paradigma de la Investigación: hermenéutico
Enfoque de la Investigación: cualitativo
Diseño de la Investigación: interpretación de fenómenos
Instrumentos de recolección de datos fue no probabilística intencional
Resultados: El reconocimiento de los derechos humanos se ha venido desarrollando a lo largo de los años a causa de las diferentes vulneraciones que se presentaron hacia las poblaciones, específicamente, a causa de acciones implementadas por instituciones de forma sistemática, afectando y lesionando la dignidad humana. Esta última definición se ha catalogado como la base principal de los DD. HH, siendo definida como el escenario propio de la persona natural, intrínseco e inherente que debe ser respetado por cualquier individuo y adicionalmente es obligación del Estado en ofrecer garantías directas e indirectas para que este escenario sea respetado y protegido.
Los Estados siempre tienen presente los tratados que han suscrito para que no exista ningún tipo consecuencia en circunstancias posteriores que se enmarcan principalmente en castigos de orden económico y comercial. El compromiso de los Estados en el cumplimiento de los tratados se asemeja a los preceptos legales que se encuentran dentro del ordenamiento jurídico nacional, al argumentar que estos escenarios internacionales ya han sido incluidos y determinados como fuente del Derecho Internacional.
A lo largo de los años se han presentado diferentes casos a nivel internacional en relación con el derecho de información consular establecido en la Convención de Viena de 1963, específicamente del artículo 36 literal b.
Conclusiones:
En primer lugar, se brinda un conocimiento más amplio del concepto del derecho humano a la información consular, debido a la poca trascendencia que este tema tan importante en la relación de los Estados debe desarrollarse.
En segundo lugar, la percepción que se identifica corresponde a las falencias en el conocimiento sobre este derecho, al argumentar que aquellos funcionarios pertenecientes a las instituciones consulares tienen un amplio conocimiento sobre el procedimiento que se lleva a cabo junto a la importancia de ser reconocido para que exista una plena comunicación entre el ciudadano indiciado con la oficina consular.
Otra de las percepciones que se identificaron se relaciona con el desconocimiento por parte de los funcionarios de las instituciones del Estado que deben garantizar la aplicación y materialización efectiva del derecho humano a la información consular; la falta de capacitación de los funcionarios de los consulados, investigadores con funciones de policía judicial y funcionarios de la rama judicial, con el fin de efectivizar este derecho en la zona de frontera, donde diferentes entrevistados expresaron que no se hacía efectivo o que en ningún escenario habían escuchado y presenciado este precepto jurídico.
Abstract/Summary: The international laws associated with the local legal systems in Colombia, by the article 93 of the 1991 Colombian Constitution, are determined by trascendental legal scenarios that must be respected and guided by the State, and specially its institutions towards all citizens. The right to obtain consular related information is stated in the Article 36 of the 1963 Vienna Convention, it addresses the penal procedure, defined to be the legal status where all citizens have the right and freedom to be accompanied and guarded by the immigration and consular institutions; this status is present in the following research document developed in the border area of Colombia and Venezuela, where this situation is constantly present because of the high migratory population. The purpose of this document is to, plenty identify the meaning of this right, its relationship with the fundamental rights, how it is developed among society, to take into account the international legal background regarding the violation of it, and the knowledge and use of itself in the local scenery, and finally, to know the effectiveness of it in the Colombian-Venezuelan border territory. Background: The problem solving plan proposed in this research document is arranged in the following order: Human rights, Consular information rights, 1963 Vienna Convention, Inter-American Court of Human Rights Advisory Opinion from October 1, 1999, LaGrand (germany VS USA) and Avena (Mexico VS USA) cases. Human rights are defined by the United Nations as: Rights inherent to all human beings, regardless of race, sex, nationality, ethnicity, religion or any other status. It is also clear that everyone is entitled to these rights without discrimination, the rights are interrelated, interintependent and indivisible. Also, Perez Luno states that human rights are the liberties based on dignity, equality and the free will of each person, and this must be clear and strongly recognized by local and international institutions (Ruiz, 2007). The human rights bill is is seen as significant progress worldwide on respect towards any human being regardless of any condition that might face. Because of this declaration human dignity was instated, generating that each action developed in society follows the stated in this declaration and complies with the definition of human rights. Main Goal To analyze the effectiveness of the Consular help human right established in the 1963 Vienna convention for the Colombian-Venezuelan border on a criminal process. Specific Goals Define the concepts on the human right to get Consular help and assistance, established in the 1963 Vienna convention. Analyze the importance of the 1963 Vienna convention, which developed Consular relationships and interactions between states and cases that have been processed internationally in both protection and denial situations of the right. To define the effectiveness of the human right to get Consular help and assistance, established in the 1963 Vienna convention for the Colombian-Venezuelan border, on a criminal process. Materials and Methods: Research Paradigm: Hermeneutical Research Approach: qualitative Research Design: interpretation of phenomena Data collection instruments was intentional non-probabilistic Results: The recognition of human rights has been developing over the years due to the different violations that have been presented to the populations, specifically, due to actions implemented by institutions in a systematic way, affecting and damaging human dignity. This last definition has been catalogued as the main basis of human rights, being defined as the intrinsic and inherent scenario of the natural person that must be respected by any individual and additionally it is the obligation of the State to offer direct and indirect guarantees so that this scenario is respected and protected. The States always keep in mind the treaties they have signed so that there are no consequences in subsequent circumstances that are mainly framed in economic and commercial punishments. The commitment of the States to comply with the treaties is similar to the legal precepts found within the national legal system, arguing that these international scenarios have already been included and determined as a source of International Law. Throughout the years, different cases have been presented at the international level in relation to the right of consular information established in the 1963 Vienna Convention, specifically in Article 36 paragraph b. Conclusions: In the first place, a broader knowledge of the concept of the human right to consular information is provided, due to the little importance that this important topic in the relationship between States should be developed. Secondly, the perception identified corresponds to the shortcomings in the knowledge of this right, arguing that those officials belonging to consular institutions have a broad knowledge of the procedure that is carried out along with the importance of being recognized so that there is full communication between the citizen and the consular office. Another of the perceptions identified is related to the lack of knowledge on the part of the officials of the State institutions that must guarantee the application and effective materialization of the human right to consular information; the lack of training of the officials of the consulates, investigators with judicial police functions and officials of the judicial branch, in order to make this right effective in the border zone, where different interviewees expressed that it was not effective or that in no scenario had they heard or witnessed this legal precept
Abstract/Summary: The international laws associated with the local legal systems in Colombia, by the article 93 of the 1991 Colombian Constitution, are determined by trascendental legal scenarios that must be respected and guided by the State, and specially its institutions towards all citizens. The right to obtain consular related information is stated in the Article 36 of the 1963 Vienna Convention, it addresses the penal procedure, defined to be the legal status where all citizens have the right and freedom to be accompanied and guarded by the immigration and consular institutions; this status is present in the following research document developed in the border area of Colombia and Venezuela, where this situation is constantly present because of the high migratory population. The purpose of this document is to, plenty identify the meaning of this right, its relationship with the fundamental rights, how it is developed among society, to take into account the international legal background regarding the violation of it, and the knowledge and use of itself in the local scenery, and finally, to know the effectiveness of it in the Colombian-Venezuelan border territory. Background: The problem solving plan proposed in this research document is arranged in the following order: Human rights, Consular information rights, 1963 Vienna Convention, Inter-American Court of Human Rights Advisory Opinion from October 1, 1999, LaGrand (germany VS USA) and Avena (Mexico VS USA) cases. Human rights are defined by the United Nations as: Rights inherent to all human beings, regardless of race, sex, nationality, ethnicity, religion or any other status. It is also clear that everyone is entitled to these rights without discrimination, the rights are interrelated, interintependent and indivisible. Also, Perez Luno states that human rights are the liberties based on dignity, equality and the free will of each person, and this must be clear and strongly recognized by local and international institutions (Ruiz, 2007). The human rights bill is is seen as significant progress worldwide on respect towards any human being regardless of any condition that might face. Because of this declaration human dignity was instated, generating that each action developed in society follows the stated in this declaration and complies with the definition of human rights. Main Goal To analyze the effectiveness of the Consular help human right established in the 1963 Vienna convention for the Colombian-Venezuelan border on a criminal process. Specific Goals Define the concepts on the human right to get Consular help and assistance, established in the 1963 Vienna convention. Analyze the importance of the 1963 Vienna convention, which developed Consular relationships and interactions between states and cases that have been processed internationally in both protection and denial situations of the right. To define the effectiveness of the human right to get Consular help and assistance, established in the 1963 Vienna convention for the Colombian-Venezuelan border, on a criminal process. Materials and Methods: Research Paradigm: Hermeneutical Research Approach: qualitative Research Design: interpretation of phenomena Data collection instruments was intentional non-probabilistic Results: The recognition of human rights has been developing over the years due to the different violations that have been presented to the populations, specifically, due to actions implemented by institutions in a systematic way, affecting and damaging human dignity. This last definition has been catalogued as the main basis of human rights, being defined as the intrinsic and inherent scenario of the natural person that must be respected by any individual and additionally it is the obligation of the State to offer direct and indirect guarantees so that this scenario is respected and protected. The States always keep in mind the treaties they have signed so that there are no consequences in subsequent circumstances that are mainly framed in economic and commercial punishments. The commitment of the States to comply with the treaties is similar to the legal precepts found within the national legal system, arguing that these international scenarios have already been included and determined as a source of International Law. Throughout the years, different cases have been presented at the international level in relation to the right of consular information established in the 1963 Vienna Convention, specifically in Article 36 paragraph b. Conclusions: In the first place, a broader knowledge of the concept of the human right to consular information is provided, due to the little importance that this important topic in the relationship between States should be developed. Secondly, the perception identified corresponds to the shortcomings in the knowledge of this right, arguing that those officials belonging to consular institutions have a broad knowledge of the procedure that is carried out along with the importance of being recognized so that there is full communication between the citizen and the consular office. Another of the perceptions identified is related to the lack of knowledge on the part of the officials of the State institutions that must guarantee the application and effective materialization of the human right to consular information; the lack of training of the officials of the consulates, investigators with judicial police functions and officials of the judicial branch, in order to make this right effective in the border zone, where different interviewees expressed that it was not effective or that in no scenario had they heard or witnessed this legal precept
Descripción
Palabras clave
Derechos humanos, Derecho humano a la información consular, Proceso penal, Convención de Viena, Extranjeros, Human rights, Human right to consular information, Criminal process, Vienna Convention, Foreigners
