Evaluación ergonómica y propuesta de rediseño para un laboratorio de computación universitario mediante el método ROSA
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Gaviria Herrera, Grey Carolina
Torregrosa Villanueva, Adriana
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
El entorno físico de los laboratorios académicos desempeña un papel determinante en el bienestar y el rendimiento de los estudiantes. En una institución de educación superior, el laboratorio MC201 es un espacio ampliamente utilizado por estudiantes de diseño industrial y otras ingenierías, quienes han reportado molestias musculoesqueléticas asociadas al mobiliario y las condiciones posturales durante el trabajo prolongado frente a computadoras. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar ergonómicamente el laboratorio mediante la aplicación del método ROSA (Rapid Office Strain Assessment) y desarrollar una propuesta de rediseño fundamentada en normativas internacionales y medidas antropométricas reales de los usuarios. Se aplicó el método a tres estudiantes seleccionados, complementado con un levantamiento detallado de variables antropométricas. Los resultados obtenidos indican un nivel de riesgo “mejorable” (nivel 1), lo que sugiere la necesidad de intervenir el espacio para optimizar la seguridad y comodidad del usuario. La propuesta ergonómica incluye el rediseño de mobiliario (sillas y mesas) de acuerdo con los estándares BIFMA y la ISO 9241-5:1998, además de una redistribución espacial que facilite la movilidad y la interacción. Esta investigación aporta una solución viable y replicable en otros entornos académicos similares, resaltando la importancia de adaptar los espacios universitarios a las necesidades físicas de los estudiantes, con el fin de prevenir trastornos musculoesqueléticos y mejorar el desempeño académico. Se recomienda implementar la propuesta y realizar un seguimiento post-intervención para evaluar su impacto a mediano plazo en salud y productividad estudiantil.
The physical design of academic laboratories significantly influences student well- being and performance. At Universidad Simón Bolívar, the MC201 laboratory is frequently used by industrial design and engineering students who have reported musculoskeletal discomfort associated with inadequate furniture and poor postural conditions during prolonged computer use. This study aimed to conduct an ergonomic evaluation of the laboratory using the Rapid Office Strain Assessment (ROSA) method and to develop a redesign proposal grounded in international standards and actual user anthropometric data. Three students were assessed through the ROSA method, complemented by detailed anthropometric measurements. The findings revealed a “moderate risk” level (Level 1), indicating that certain workstation components could be improved. The proposed ergonomic intervention includes the replacement of current furniture with chairs and desks that meet BIFMA guidelines and ISO 9241-5:1998 standards. Additionally, a spatial redistribution plan was designed to enhance student mobility and interaction. This research offers a feasible and scalable model applicable to similar academic environments, underscoring the necessity of tailoring learning spaces to students’ physical requirements. Such adaptation aims to prevent musculoskeletal disorders and enhance educational performance. It is recommended that the redesign be implemented and followed by a post-intervention evaluation to measure its effectiveness in improving health outcomes and student productivity.
The physical design of academic laboratories significantly influences student well- being and performance. At Universidad Simón Bolívar, the MC201 laboratory is frequently used by industrial design and engineering students who have reported musculoskeletal discomfort associated with inadequate furniture and poor postural conditions during prolonged computer use. This study aimed to conduct an ergonomic evaluation of the laboratory using the Rapid Office Strain Assessment (ROSA) method and to develop a redesign proposal grounded in international standards and actual user anthropometric data. Three students were assessed through the ROSA method, complemented by detailed anthropometric measurements. The findings revealed a “moderate risk” level (Level 1), indicating that certain workstation components could be improved. The proposed ergonomic intervention includes the replacement of current furniture with chairs and desks that meet BIFMA guidelines and ISO 9241-5:1998 standards. Additionally, a spatial redistribution plan was designed to enhance student mobility and interaction. This research offers a feasible and scalable model applicable to similar academic environments, underscoring the necessity of tailoring learning spaces to students’ physical requirements. Such adaptation aims to prevent musculoskeletal disorders and enhance educational performance. It is recommended that the redesign be implemented and followed by a post-intervention evaluation to measure its effectiveness in improving health outcomes and student productivity.
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Palabras clave
Ergonomía, Diseño de estaciones de trabajo, Trastornos musculoesqueléticos, Evaluación postural, Mobiliario educativo, Antropometría
