Comprensión sociofamiliar del suicidio en adolescentes: una aproximación desde el espacio biográfico
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Fecha
2023
Autores
Gerardino Ramírez, Weendy Dayana
Martínez Rodríguez, Luz Dary
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
La presente investigación tiene como propósito, realizar una comprensión sociofamiliar sobre el suicidio, teniendo como sujeto social de investigación cuatro adolescentes entre las edades comprendidas de los 13 a los 18 años de edad, que se encuentran ubicados en el municipio de san José de Cúcuta, partiendo del espacio biográfico de cada uno de los adolescentes sujetos de estudio; lo que se quiere lograr es darle importancia al tema del suicidio ya que es considerado por muchos como un problema en la sociedad. Más que un proyecto de investigación, las autoras del presente, quieren concientizar a la sociedad sobre esta problemática que ha perjudicado no solo a la víctima que intenta o logra su cometido, sino también a las familias o seres cercanos a la víctima directa. Es necesario sensibilizar a la comunidad en temas relacionados a este, con el fin de prevenir el suicidio y así evitar que los jóvenes que estén pasando una situación difícil, accedan solamente a esta alternativa para ponerle fin al problema.
Frente al tema del suicidio en adolescentes, se tienen en cuenta referentes teóricos relacionados a las diferentes categorías que se abordaron; la primera categoría hace referencia al suicidio como problema central del proyecto; haciendo referencia al suicidio desde diferentes autores, desde los clásicos hasta los corporativos. Además se resalta lo enunciado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) (2016), el suicidio ha sido considerado la segunda causa de muerte dentro de la población mundial en edades comprendidas entre los 10 a 24 años, la organización mundial de la salud establece que anualmente 100.000 adolescentes se suicidan en el mundo, y por cada suicidio se registran entre 10 y 20 intentos (s.p.).
En relación a esta categoría, la familia y la relación de esta con los adolescentes, asumen un papel importante, ya que la familia tiene un incidencia directa en la etapa de crecimiento y desarrollo de los adolescentes, siendo que, en el núcleo familiar los jóvenes experimentan diversas situaciones que generan tanto consecuencias positivas como negativas en la toma de decisiones de la juventud.
Dentro del marco legal frente al suicidio en adolescente se señalan las siguientes normatividades: la Ley 1616 de 2013 del Congreso de la República en su artículo 35 ordena al Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social implementar el sistema de vigilancia de la conducta suicida y el plan Decenal de Salud Pública 2012 – 2021. estableció dentro de la dimensión prioritaria Salud mental y convivencia.
La investigación se encuentra en el paradigma histórico-hermenéutico, basado en lo interpretativo en relación a un enfoque cualitativo, se utilizó un muestreo no probabilístico desde la técnica de historias de vida, donde se hizo el muestreo a partir de la bola de nieve, el cual se eligió 4 adolescentes del municipio de Cúcuta. Para el análisis de la información del presente proyecto se tiene en cuenta la categorización con el fin de determinar las categorías establecidas en la investigación, a través del programa de Atlas. Ti
Dentro de los resultados, se resalta que, en los factores sociales identificados, también se encuentran: la poca vida social y aquellas situaciones de conflictos que conllevan al adolescente a experimentar pensamientos negativos a raíz de las peleas, discusiones o conflictos surgidos desde los diferentes ámbitos de la vida, como lo son el social, el económico y el cultural, siendo en si la sociedad, la familia y el entorno, factores influyentes en la toma de decisiones de los adolescentes.
Otro resultado, fue una comprensión sociofamiliar sobre el suicidio, teniendo como sujeto social de investigación al adolescente entre las edades comprendidas de los 13 a los 18 años de edad, que se encuentran ubicados en el municipio de san José de Cúcuta, mediante la cual partió del espacio biográfico de cada uno de los adolescentes. Se evidencio mediante los resultados de las historias de vida, que las presiones sociales y familiares, conllevan al adolescente a experimentar deseos suicidas que vienen acompañados de dos factores que afectan la salud mental y la estabilidad emocional de los adolescentes, pensando en quitarse la vida de muchas maneras.
En cuanto a los factores sociales, se evidencio que las presiones sociales han incidido en la toma de decisiones de los jóvenes en los diferentes contextos, las cuales han conllevado al adolescente a tener pensamientos negativos relacionados a ponerle fin a todo dolor o sufrimiento, además, produce en los jóvenes afectaciones en su salud mental y en su estabilidad emocional; en relación a la vida social, se evidencio no tener o incluso tener poca vida social los jóvenes entrevistados, los cuales se consideran personas solitarias y calladas, todas estas cosas o situaciones han incidido de manera negativa en los jóvenes, llevándolos a experimentar deseos de suicidio.
The purpose of this research is to carry out a socio-familiar understanding of suicide, having as a social subject of research four adolescents between the ages of 13 and 18, who are located in the municipality of San José de Cúcuta, starting from the biographical space of each of the adolescents studied; what they want to achieve is to give importance to the issue of suicide since it is considered by many as a problem in society. More than a research project, the authors of the present, want to raise awareness in society about this problem that has harmed not only the victim who tries or achieves his mission, but also the families or beings close to the direct victim. It is necessary to sensitize the community on issues related to this, in order to prevent suicide and thus prevent young people who are going through a difficult situation, only access this alternative to put an end to the problem. Faced with the issue of suicide in adolescents, theoretical references related to the different categories that were addressed are taken into account; The first category refers to suicide as the central problem of the project; referring to suicide from different authors, from the classics to the corporate ones. In addition, what is stated by the World Health Organization (WHO) (2016) is highlighted, suicide has been considered the second cause of death within the world population between the ages of 10 and 24, the world health organization establishes that annually 100,000 adolescents commit suicide in the world, and for each suicide there are between 10 and 20 attempts (s.p.). In relation to this category, the family and its relationship with adolescents assume an important role, since the family has a direct impact on the stage of growth and development of adolescents, being that, in the family nucleus, young people they experience various situations that generate both positive and negative consequences in youth decision-making. Within the legal framework against adolescent suicide, the following regulations are indicated: Law 1616 of 2013 of the Congress of the Republic in its article 35 orders the Ministry of Health and Social Protection to implement the suicidal behavior surveillance system and the Decennial Plan of Public Health 2012 – 2021. established within the priority dimension Mental health and coexistence. The research is in the historical-hermeneutic paradigm, based on the interpretative in relation to a qualitative approach, a non-probabilistic sampling was used from the life history technique, where the sampling was done from the snowball, the which 4 adolescents from the municipality of Cúcuta were chosen. For the analysis of the information of this project, the categorization is taken into account in order to determine the categories established in the investigation, through the Atlas program. Among the results, it is highlighted that, in the social factors identified, there are also: the little social life and those conflict situations that lead the adolescent to experience negative thoughts as a result of the fights, discussions or conflicts that arise from the different areas of life, such as the social, economic and cultural, being in itself society, family and the environment, influential factors in the decision-making of adolescents. Another result was a socio-familiar understanding of suicide, having as a social subject of research the adolescent between the ages of 13 and 18, who are located in the municipality of San José de Cúcuta, through which the of the biographical space of each one of the adolescents. It was evidenced through the results of the life histories, that social and family pressures lead the adolescent to experience suicidal desires that are accompanied by two factors that affect the mental health and emotional stability of adolescents, thinking of taking their own life. many ways. Regarding social factors, it was evidenced that social pressures have influenced the decision-making of young people in different contexts, which have led the adolescent to have negative thoughts related to putting an end to all pain or suffering, in addition, it affects young people in their mental health and emotional stability; In relation to social life, it was evident that the young people interviewed did not have or even had little social life, who considered themselves lonely and quiet people. All these things or situations have had a negative impact on young people, leading them to experience suicide desires
The purpose of this research is to carry out a socio-familiar understanding of suicide, having as a social subject of research four adolescents between the ages of 13 and 18, who are located in the municipality of San José de Cúcuta, starting from the biographical space of each of the adolescents studied; what they want to achieve is to give importance to the issue of suicide since it is considered by many as a problem in society. More than a research project, the authors of the present, want to raise awareness in society about this problem that has harmed not only the victim who tries or achieves his mission, but also the families or beings close to the direct victim. It is necessary to sensitize the community on issues related to this, in order to prevent suicide and thus prevent young people who are going through a difficult situation, only access this alternative to put an end to the problem. Faced with the issue of suicide in adolescents, theoretical references related to the different categories that were addressed are taken into account; The first category refers to suicide as the central problem of the project; referring to suicide from different authors, from the classics to the corporate ones. In addition, what is stated by the World Health Organization (WHO) (2016) is highlighted, suicide has been considered the second cause of death within the world population between the ages of 10 and 24, the world health organization establishes that annually 100,000 adolescents commit suicide in the world, and for each suicide there are between 10 and 20 attempts (s.p.). In relation to this category, the family and its relationship with adolescents assume an important role, since the family has a direct impact on the stage of growth and development of adolescents, being that, in the family nucleus, young people they experience various situations that generate both positive and negative consequences in youth decision-making. Within the legal framework against adolescent suicide, the following regulations are indicated: Law 1616 of 2013 of the Congress of the Republic in its article 35 orders the Ministry of Health and Social Protection to implement the suicidal behavior surveillance system and the Decennial Plan of Public Health 2012 – 2021. established within the priority dimension Mental health and coexistence. The research is in the historical-hermeneutic paradigm, based on the interpretative in relation to a qualitative approach, a non-probabilistic sampling was used from the life history technique, where the sampling was done from the snowball, the which 4 adolescents from the municipality of Cúcuta were chosen. For the analysis of the information of this project, the categorization is taken into account in order to determine the categories established in the investigation, through the Atlas program. Among the results, it is highlighted that, in the social factors identified, there are also: the little social life and those conflict situations that lead the adolescent to experience negative thoughts as a result of the fights, discussions or conflicts that arise from the different areas of life, such as the social, economic and cultural, being in itself society, family and the environment, influential factors in the decision-making of adolescents. Another result was a socio-familiar understanding of suicide, having as a social subject of research the adolescent between the ages of 13 and 18, who are located in the municipality of San José de Cúcuta, through which the of the biographical space of each one of the adolescents. It was evidenced through the results of the life histories, that social and family pressures lead the adolescent to experience suicidal desires that are accompanied by two factors that affect the mental health and emotional stability of adolescents, thinking of taking their own life. many ways. Regarding social factors, it was evidenced that social pressures have influenced the decision-making of young people in different contexts, which have led the adolescent to have negative thoughts related to putting an end to all pain or suffering, in addition, it affects young people in their mental health and emotional stability; In relation to social life, it was evident that the young people interviewed did not have or even had little social life, who considered themselves lonely and quiet people. All these things or situations have had a negative impact on young people, leading them to experience suicide desires
Descripción
Palabras clave
Comprensión Sociofamiliar, Suicidio en adolescentes, Espacio biográfico, Socio-family understanding, Suicide in adolescents, Biographical space
