Estudio sobre el principio de eficacia del voto en el derecho electoral y procesal electoral colombiano
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Fecha
2019
Autores
Castilla Fragozo, Alvaro Luis
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
El artículo 228 de la Constitución Nacional (1991), enseña que la administración de justicia es función pública, que sus decisiones son independientes y que en ellas prevalecerá el derecho sustancial, por tal razón nuestro derecho electoral y procesal electoral no puede concebirse como un conjunto normativo antecedido de formalismos y ritualidades, desconectadas del derecho material que les encausa; a contrario sensu, debe entendérsele como un régimen de garantías materiales en búsqueda del derecho de tutela efectiva tanto en sede administrativa como judicial y con ello blindar la aplicación sin ambages del principio de eficacia del voto, entendido éste último como un estandarte de las expresiones democráticas en lo que a nuestro país respecta.
La rama del derecho procesal electoral en Colombia, se encuentra a cargo de una jurisdicción desligada plenamente de dicho sistema y ello en principio constituye garantía de independencia, pues sus jueces despolitizados son garantes de los universales principios de justicia y transparencia en ese campo, aunque se les reproche el hecho de asumir una competencia orgánica o funcional que les resulta extraña y que debería estar radicada en cabeza del Consejo Nacional Electoral como máximo rector de esa aparente jurisdicción, como correspondería si se tratara de un verdadero sistema, aunque así como fue diseñado en palabras de Montesquieu (1906) resultaría útil y conveniente bajo la premisa de que para que no pueda abusarse del poder, es necesario que por disposición misma de las cosas, el poder detenga al poder. En ese orden de ideas, la doctrina extranjera ha considerado así mismo que,
Toda Constitución en la que se puede fundamentar un Estado de Derecho no sólo define los derechos políticos de los ciudadanos. También prevé las garantías procedimentales para que esos derechos políticos puedan ejercerse y queden resguardados frente al abuso de poder que los reprima. Esa garantía la encarna la función judicial (Del Villar, 1997).
En nuestro caso, no solo nos rige un estado de derecho, sino que a partir de la constituyente del 1.991, se humanizo al impregnársele la connotación “social”, hecho que implicó la apertura de esa anhelada escuela social que impuso como factor principal colocar a las instituciones del Estado al servicio del hombre y no al contrario como antes ocurría, y en ese orden instituyó en todas las ramas del poder público la primacía del derecho sustancial como una forma de reivindicación de ese imperioso postulado, por colocar solo un ejemplo de ese trascendental e histórico cambio de que fue objeto nuestra carta política.
El resumen podría continuar y la convicción permanecería inalterable, considerando que el Derecho Procesal Electoral en criterio de Cipriano Gómez Lara citado por Galván (2014) puede considerarse al igual que otras áreas importantes del derecho procesal, como un apéndice de esa frondosa rama autónoma de ese metafórico y gigantesco árbol jurídico o tronco procesal común al que aludía Carnelutti.
The article 228 of the National Constitution (C.N.), it teaches that the administration of justice is a public function, that its decisions are independent and that in them the substantial right will prevail, for this reason our electoral electoral and procedural law cannot longer is conceived as a preceded normative set of Formalisms and ritual, disconnected from the material law that prosecutes them; a contrary to sensu, must be understood as a regime of materials guarantees in pursuit of the right to effective protection both at the administrative and judicial and thereby shielding the application plainly of the principle of effectiveness of the vote, the last title as a standard of democratic expressions in respect to our country. The branch of electoral procedural law in Colombia is in charge of a jurisdiction completely disconnected from this system and this in principle constitutes guarantee of independence, because its depoliticized judges are guarantors of the universal principles of justice and transparency in this field, although they are reproached for assuming an organic or functional competition that is strange and should be based on the head of the National Electoral Council as the maximum rector of this apparent jurisdiction, as would be the case if it were a true system, although it was designed in the words of Montesquieu would be useful and convenient under the premise that “So that power cannot be abused, it is necessary that by the very disposition of things, power will stop power.” In this order of ideas, the foreign doctrine has also considered that: "Any Constitution that can support a rule of law not only defines the political rights of citizens. It also provides procedural guarantees that political rights can be exercised and are protected against the abuse of power that repress them. This guarantee embodies the judicial function". In our case, not only applies us a rule of law, but that from the constituent of the 1991, I humanized to the soak up le connotation "social", a fact that involved the opening of that cherished social school that established itself as the main factor place to the institutions of the State at the service of man and not the other as it was happening before, and in that order instituted in all branches of public power, the primacy of law substantial as a form of vindication of that imperative premise, by placing just one example of This momentous and historic change that was our political letter The summary could continue and the conviction would remain unchanged, considering that the Electoral procedural right can be considered as well as other important areas of procedural law as an appendix of that leafy autonomous branch of that metaphorical and gigantic legal tree or common procedural trunk to which it alluded Carnelutti.
The article 228 of the National Constitution (C.N.), it teaches that the administration of justice is a public function, that its decisions are independent and that in them the substantial right will prevail, for this reason our electoral electoral and procedural law cannot longer is conceived as a preceded normative set of Formalisms and ritual, disconnected from the material law that prosecutes them; a contrary to sensu, must be understood as a regime of materials guarantees in pursuit of the right to effective protection both at the administrative and judicial and thereby shielding the application plainly of the principle of effectiveness of the vote, the last title as a standard of democratic expressions in respect to our country. The branch of electoral procedural law in Colombia is in charge of a jurisdiction completely disconnected from this system and this in principle constitutes guarantee of independence, because its depoliticized judges are guarantors of the universal principles of justice and transparency in this field, although they are reproached for assuming an organic or functional competition that is strange and should be based on the head of the National Electoral Council as the maximum rector of this apparent jurisdiction, as would be the case if it were a true system, although it was designed in the words of Montesquieu would be useful and convenient under the premise that “So that power cannot be abused, it is necessary that by the very disposition of things, power will stop power.” In this order of ideas, the foreign doctrine has also considered that: "Any Constitution that can support a rule of law not only defines the political rights of citizens. It also provides procedural guarantees that political rights can be exercised and are protected against the abuse of power that repress them. This guarantee embodies the judicial function". In our case, not only applies us a rule of law, but that from the constituent of the 1991, I humanized to the soak up le connotation "social", a fact that involved the opening of that cherished social school that established itself as the main factor place to the institutions of the State at the service of man and not the other as it was happening before, and in that order instituted in all branches of public power, the primacy of law substantial as a form of vindication of that imperative premise, by placing just one example of This momentous and historic change that was our political letter The summary could continue and the conviction would remain unchanged, considering that the Electoral procedural right can be considered as well as other important areas of procedural law as an appendix of that leafy autonomous branch of that metaphorical and gigantic legal tree or common procedural trunk to which it alluded Carnelutti.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Principio de eficacia, Voto, Derecho electoral, Procesal electoral, Garantías procesales, Beginning of efficiency, Vote, Electoral right, Electoral process, Procedural guarantees
