Cultura de seguridad organizacional y satisfacción laboral: un análisis en el contexto de seguridad y salud en el trabajo
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Fecha
2024
Autores
Baquero Cubillos, Diana Katherine
Maestre Páez, Luisa Fernanda
Jiménez García, Oscar Enrique
Sánchez Estévez, María José
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre la cultura de seguridad organizacional y la satisfacción laboral de los trabajadores en el ámbito de la seguridad y salud en el trabajo. Materiales y Métodos: Esta investigación empleó un enfoque cuantitativo y se clasificó como un estudio descriptivo transversal, ya que se evaluaron las dimensiones de la cultura organizacional y la satisfacción laboral de los trabajadores una empresa del sector metalmecánico y minero, durante el periodo de febrero del 2024 a noviembre del 2024 en la ciudad de Barranquilla/Atlántico. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el Cuestionario Nórdico de Seguridad en el Trabajo (NOSACQ-50) el cual es una herramienta diseñada para evaluar de forma exhaustiva la percepción de la cultura de seguridad en los entornos de trabajo y el Cuestionario de Satisfacción Laboral S20/23, el cual es un instrumento estandarizado diseñado para medir la satisfacción laboral desde una perspectiva multidimensional. Resultados: La población está conformada principalmente por mujeres (53.52%), con una distribución predominante en los estratos socioeconómicos 1 (43.66%) y 2 (39.44%). En términos de nivel educativo, la mayoría cuenta con formación técnica (40.85%), mientras que un porcentaje menor tiene estudios de primaria (1.41%). La mitad de los participantes tiene más de 5 años de antigüedad laboral (50.00%), y el tipo de cargo predominante es operativo (61.97%). En cuanto al estado civil, la mayoría de los participantes están en unión libre (36.62%), seguidos por los solteros (30.28%) y casados (30.28%). Por último, en la autopercepción de salud, casi la mitad considera que su salud es buena (48.59%), mientras que un porcentaje menor la califica como excelente (10.56%) o regular (9.86%). Estos datos reflejan una población laboral heterogénea en términos de educación y antigüedad, pero con una percepción de salud predominantemente positiva. La percepción sobre la seguridad en el trabajo muestra variabilidad en las respuestas. La mayoría de los empleados considera que la dirección tiene la capacidad de manejar la seguridad adecuadamente, pero un porcentaje significativo (57.75%) está en desacuerdo. En términos de diseñar rutinas efectivas, el 73.24% está de acuerdo, destacando un esfuerzo positivo percibido por parte de la dirección. Respecto a la influencia en temas de seguridad, el 77.46% de los empleados siente que pueden influir en la seguridad laboral, mientras que una mayoría significativa (72.54%) percibe una alta participación en decisiones relacionadas con seguridad. Sin embargo, áreas como la consideración de sugerencias reflejan problemas, ya que el 59.86% está en desacuerdo con que sus propuestas sean tomadas en cuenta. En cuanto a involucrar a los empleados en decisiones, el 48.59% está de acuerdo, pero un 39.44% todavía lo percibe insuficiente, evidenciando espacio para mejorar la comunicación y participación en temas críticos de seguridad. Conclusión: La presente investigación ha proporcionado valiosas perspectivas sobre las percepciones de seguridad laboral de los empleados. Los resultados destacan áreas de fortalezas, como la alta percepción de influencia en temas de seguridad, pero también revelan desafíos importantes, como la brecha perceptiva sobre la capacidad de manejo de seguridad por parte de la dirección y la insuficiente consideración de las sugerencias de los empleados. Estos hallazgos ofrecen una base sólida para desarrollar estrategias de mejora en términos de seguridad laboral y satisfacción del empleado, particularmente en lo que respecta a la comunicación y la participación de los empleados en decisiones relacionadas con su entorno laboral. El análisis de estos resultados permite identificar varias áreas de oportunidad para mejorar la seguridad y la satisfacción laboral, se sugiere fortalecer la comunicación y la participación de los empleados en decisiones relacionadas con seguridad; implementar medidas para aumentar la consideración de las sugerencias de los empleados; mejorar la percepción sobre la capacidad de manejo de seguridad por parte de la dirección, y desarrollar programas de formación y capacitación en temas de seguridad para todos los niveles del personal.
Objective: To analyze the relationship between organizational safety culture and job satisfaction of workers in the field of occupational safety and health. Materials and Methods: This research used a quantitative approach and was classified as a cross -sectional descriptive study, since the dimensions of organizational culture and job satisfaction of workers were evaluated in a company of the metal-mechanic and mining sector, during the period from February 2024 to November 2024 in the city of Barranquilla/Atlántico. The instruments used were the Nordic Occupational Safety Questionnaire (NOSACQ- 50) which is a tool designed to comprehensively assess the perception of safety culture in work environments and the Job Satisfaction Questionnaire S20/23, which is a standardized instrument designed to measure job satisfaction from a multidimensional perspective. Results: The population is mainly female (53.52%), with a predominant distribution in socioeconomic strata 1 (43.66%) and 2 (39.44%). In terms of educational level, the majority have technical training (40.85%), while a smaller percentage has a primary school education (1.41%). Half of the participants have more than 5 years of work experience (50.00%), and the predominant type of position is operative (61.97%). Regarding marital status, many of the participants are in union (36.62%), followed by single (30.28%) and married (30.28%). Finally, in the self-perception of health, almost half consider their health to be good (48.59%), while a smaller percentage rate it as excellent (10.56%) or fair (9.86%). These data reflect a heterogeneous working population in terms of education and seniority, but with a predominantly positive perception of health. The perception of job security shows variability in the responses. Many employees believe that management has the ability to handle safety adequately, but a significant percentage (57.75%) disagree. In terms of designing effective routines, 73.24% agree, highlighting a perceived positive effort on the part of management. Regarding influence on safety issues, 77.46% of employees feel that they can influence workplace safety, while a significant majority (72.54%) perceive a high level of participation in safety-related decisions. However, areas such as consideration of suggestions reflect problems, as 59.86% disagree that their proposals are considered. In terms of involving employees in decisions, 48.59% agree, but 39.44% still perceive it as insufficient, showing room for improvement in communication and participation in critical safety issues. Conclusion: The present research has provided valuable insights into employees' perceptions of workplace safety. The results highlight areas of strengths, such as high perceived influence on safety issues, but also reveal important challenges, such as the perceptual gap on management's safety management capability and insufficient consideration of employee suggestions. These findings provide a solid basis for developing improvement strategies in terms of job safety and employee satisfaction, particularly with regard to communication and employee participation in decisions related to their work environment. The analysis of these results allows us to identify several areas of opportunity to improve safety and job satisfaction. We suggest strengthening communication and employee participation in decisions related to safety; implementing measures to increase the consideration of employee suggestions; improving the perception of management's safety management capacity; and developing training and education programs on safety issues for all levels of personnel.
Objective: To analyze the relationship between organizational safety culture and job satisfaction of workers in the field of occupational safety and health. Materials and Methods: This research used a quantitative approach and was classified as a cross -sectional descriptive study, since the dimensions of organizational culture and job satisfaction of workers were evaluated in a company of the metal-mechanic and mining sector, during the period from February 2024 to November 2024 in the city of Barranquilla/Atlántico. The instruments used were the Nordic Occupational Safety Questionnaire (NOSACQ- 50) which is a tool designed to comprehensively assess the perception of safety culture in work environments and the Job Satisfaction Questionnaire S20/23, which is a standardized instrument designed to measure job satisfaction from a multidimensional perspective. Results: The population is mainly female (53.52%), with a predominant distribution in socioeconomic strata 1 (43.66%) and 2 (39.44%). In terms of educational level, the majority have technical training (40.85%), while a smaller percentage has a primary school education (1.41%). Half of the participants have more than 5 years of work experience (50.00%), and the predominant type of position is operative (61.97%). Regarding marital status, many of the participants are in union (36.62%), followed by single (30.28%) and married (30.28%). Finally, in the self-perception of health, almost half consider their health to be good (48.59%), while a smaller percentage rate it as excellent (10.56%) or fair (9.86%). These data reflect a heterogeneous working population in terms of education and seniority, but with a predominantly positive perception of health. The perception of job security shows variability in the responses. Many employees believe that management has the ability to handle safety adequately, but a significant percentage (57.75%) disagree. In terms of designing effective routines, 73.24% agree, highlighting a perceived positive effort on the part of management. Regarding influence on safety issues, 77.46% of employees feel that they can influence workplace safety, while a significant majority (72.54%) perceive a high level of participation in safety-related decisions. However, areas such as consideration of suggestions reflect problems, as 59.86% disagree that their proposals are considered. In terms of involving employees in decisions, 48.59% agree, but 39.44% still perceive it as insufficient, showing room for improvement in communication and participation in critical safety issues. Conclusion: The present research has provided valuable insights into employees' perceptions of workplace safety. The results highlight areas of strengths, such as high perceived influence on safety issues, but also reveal important challenges, such as the perceptual gap on management's safety management capability and insufficient consideration of employee suggestions. These findings provide a solid basis for developing improvement strategies in terms of job safety and employee satisfaction, particularly with regard to communication and employee participation in decisions related to their work environment. The analysis of these results allows us to identify several areas of opportunity to improve safety and job satisfaction. We suggest strengthening communication and employee participation in decisions related to safety; implementing measures to increase the consideration of employee suggestions; improving the perception of management's safety management capacity; and developing training and education programs on safety issues for all levels of personnel.
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Palabras clave
Cultura de seguridad organizacional, Satisfacción laboral, Percepción de seguridad