Innovación transformativa desde un enfoque de política orientada por misiones para la gestión de la sostenibilidad: estudio de casos en el sistema regional del Atlántico
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Melamed Varela, Enrique
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Resumen
Esta tesis doctoral forma parte de la línea de investigación en gestión de la
tecnología y la innovación, profundizando la temática de política científica desde el
marco de la innovación transformativa para la gestión de la sostenibilidad
organizacional, considerando una perspectiva de política orientada por misiones. La
investigación se desarrolló en el contexto del sistema regional de innovación del
departamento del Atlántico, Colombia, durante el periodo comprendido entre los
años 2022-2024, como objetivo general se propuso comprender cómo los actores
de este sistema de innovación articulan capacidades científicas y organizacionales
con dinámicas territoriales para generar estrategias de sostenibilidad alineadas con
propósitos colectivos de desarrollo.
Este objetivo parte de las limitadas acciones específicas de impulso a la
innovación transformativa en actores del sistema de innovación del Atlántico,
especialmente aquellos actores situados en la base de la pirámide. Esta
problemática parte de un contexto caracterizado por la fragmentación institucional,
tensiones estructurales y la poca apropiación de la política científica en los niveles
territoriales, generando dificultades de articulación entre los sectores académico,
productivo, institucional y social, situación que coexiste con el cambio de enfoque
de política científica a nivel internacional, donde emergen nuevas formas de
dimensionar la innovación no solo como un camino para la competitividad, sino
también como una herramienta para orientar transformaciones profundas en los
sistemas sociotécnicos; contexto del que Colombia ha formado parte desde
iniciativas y orientaciones regionales, generando iniciativas, mecanismos y
resultados que han contribuido a las discusiones en este nuevo paradigma.
En Colombia, el marco de innovación transformativa se desarrolló a partir de una
construcción colectiva con diversos actores del sistema nacional de ciencia,
tecnología e innovación, y sus aportes se consolidaron en políticas públicas como
el CONPES 4069 (2021), que representa la hoja de ruta para el desarrollo científico
y tecnológico en el decenio 2022-2031 y el enfoque de políticas de investigación e
innovación orientadas por misiones reglamentado mediante la Resolución 1452
(2024) que establece y define cinco misiones transformativas en el mediano plazo.
De esta forma, esta tesis doctoral se fundamenta en el debate contemporáneo sobre
los marcos de la política científica, considerando la innovación transformativa, que
reconoce la necesidad de cambio en los sistemas sociotécnicos desde los principios
de direccionalidad, aprendizaje colectivo, participación de múltiples actores y la
experimentación para orientar las capacidades como solución a retos sociales y
ambientales propios en los territorios.
Igualmente, el enfoque teórico de políticas orientada por misiones propone la
definición de propósitos concretos, factibles y socialmente relevantes que sean
referentes de mecanismos y acciones públicas, esta perspectiva argumenta el papel
del estado emprendedor como facilitador de misiones transformativas, buscando
alinear la política pública con objetivos transformadores, enfoque adoptado en
diversos contextos internacionales como referente para enfrentar desafíos
complejos. Desde este fundamento teórico, también se articulan los desarrollos
recientes sobre gestión de la sostenibilidad organizacional, entendida como una
estrategia integrada y no como una adaptación operativa, considerando elementos
estratégicos como la gestión de grupos de interés como un mecanismo vinculante,
esta articulación permite analizar cómo los actores regionales interpretan, traducen
y operacionalizan soluciones sostenibles en contextos específicos de acuerdo con
su objeto social.
El marco metodológico se fundamentó epistemológicamente en el paradigma
postpositivista, considerando la construcción social de la realidad y el aprendizaje
desde la complejidad en los sistemas, el enfoque de análisis de datos ha sido
cualitativo y desde un diseño constructivista se ha buscado profundizar en la
narrativa de los actores e interpretar elementos conexos de la innovación y la
sostenibilidad; planteándose como método, el estudio de caso como objeto de
análisis, facilitando argumentar proposiciones referentes a la naturaleza de actores
del sistema de innovación. La recolección de información se realizó mediante
entrevistas semiestructuradas a 31 actores del sistema regional y la revisión
documental de fuentes institucionales y académicas. Para el análisis de
involucrados, se priorizó la vinculación de actores del sistema de innovación del
Atlántico, agrupados en las cuatro grandes tipologías de la política de
reconocimiento de actores: generación de conocimiento, desarrollo y transferencia
de tecnología, innovación y productividad, y mentalidad y cultura de la ciencia. Este
desarrollo metodológico se realizó en tres etapas, una primera etapa de
caracterización del sistema regional del Atlántico, identificando interrelaciones de
los actores y dinámicas institucionales. En la segunda etapa, se construyó una
matriz de elementos estratégicos que permiten observar asuntos prioritarios y
emergentes en la gestión de los actores. Finalmente, como tercera etapa, se
integraron los hallazgos para construir un modelo teórico de significados de la
sostenibilidad como referente de gestión organizacional.
Los resultados de la investigación han permitido realizar la caracterización del
sistema regional del Atlántico como referente emergente en el ámbito nacional,
considerando las interrelaciones entre actores e identificando avances en
capacidades institucionales, persistiendo oportunidades en la articulación efectiva
entre los actores, la sostenibilidad de las iniciativas y la apropiación de las políticas
de innovación. También, se identificaron elementos estratégicos que han permitido
profundizar la articulación de la sostenibilidad con los procesos organizacionales,
emergiendo aspectos económicos, sociales y ambientales en la gestión de los
diversos actores. Finalmente, el tercer resultado propone un modelo teórico de
significados sobre la gestión de la sostenibilidad organizacional en los actores del
sistema de innovación del Atlántico. Esta construcción se fundamenta en la
triangulación entre los hallazgos y los marcos conceptuales, recopilando las
interpretaciones que los actores hacen sobre sus relaciones con el entorno,
considerando los criterios de poder, urgencia y legitimidad, y cómo estas relaciones
se traducen en estrategias organizacionales orientadas a la sostenibilidad.
Como conclusiones se destaca que el marco de innovación transformativa, desde
un enfoque de política científica orientada por misiones, si bien ha sido adoptado
formalmente en los instrumentos nacionales de planificación y gestión, requiere aún
de adaptación y contextualización en los territorios. En el caso del departamento del
Atlántico, existen condiciones emergentes que lo posicionan como un sistema
referente para avanzar hacia una innovación con sentido transformador, ello exige
fortalecer mecanismos de colaboración, el diseño de estrategias de
acompañamiento a pequeñas organizaciones y mecanismos integradores que
conecten la generación de conocimiento con los impactos a nivel territorial
This doctoral dissertation is part of the research line on technology and innovation management, with a specific focus on science policy within the framework of transformative innovation for organizational sustainability management, adopting a mission-oriented policy perspective. The research was conducted within the regional innovation system of the Atlántico department, Colombia, during the period 2022– 2024. Its general objective was to understand how actors within this innovation system align scientific and organizational capabilities with territorial dynamics to generate sustainability strategies aligned with collective development goals. this objective stems from the limited specific actions aimed at promoting transformative innovation among actors within Atlántico’s innovation system, particularly those situated at the base of the pyramid. The research problem is framed by a context marked by institutional fragmentation, structural tensions, and the limited territorial appropriation of science policy. These factors hinder articulation between academic, productive, institutional, and social sectors situations that coexist with a global shift in science policy paradigms. Internationally, innovation is increasingly viewed not only to enhance competitiveness but also as a tool for enabling deep transformations in sociotechnical systems a shift in which Colombia has participated through various initiatives and regional strategies that have contributed to the discourse surrounding this new paradigm. In Colombia, the transformative innovation framework was developed through a participatory process involving diverse stakeholders from the national science, technology, and innovation system. This process informed the formulation of public policies such as CONPES 4069 (2021), which sets the roadmap for scientific and technological development for the 2022–2031 decade, and the mission-oriented research and innovation policy approach, formalized in Resolution 1452 (2024), which establishes five medium-term transformative missions. Accordingly, this dissertation is grounded in the contemporary debate on science policy frameworks, with transformative innovation emphasizing the need for change in sociotechnical systems through the principles of directionality, collective learning, multi-actor participation, and experimentation to mobilize capabilities for addressing contextspecific social and environmental challenges. The mission-oriented policy approach further advocates for the definition of concrete, feasible, and socially relevant goals to serve as reference points for public mechanisms and actions. This perspective highlights the role of the entrepreneurial state as an enabler of transformative missions, seeking to align public policy with transformative objectives. This framework has been adopted in various international contexts to address complex challenges. Based on this theoretical foundation, the study also incorporates recent developments in organizational sustainability management, understood not as an operational adjustment but as a strategic approach. It considers stakeholder management as a key integrative mechanism, enabling an analysis of how regional actors interpret, translate, and operationalize sustainability solutions according to their organizational purposes and specific contexts. Epistemologically, the methodological framework is grounded in the post-positivist paradigm, embracing the social construction of reality and learning through system complexity. A qualitative data analysis approach was adopted, with a constructivist research design aimed at deepening the narrative of actors and interpreting the connections between innovation and sustainability. A case study methodology was employed as the main analytical approach, enabling the development of propositions concerning the nature and behavior of actors within the innovation system. Data collection included semi-structured interviews with 31 actors from the regional system, alongside a document analysis of institutional and academic sources. Stakeholder analysis focused on engaging actors from the Atlántico innovation system, categorized into four policy-recognized typologies: knowledge generation; technology development and transfer; innovation and productivity; and science culture and mindset. The methodological process unfolded in three stages: (1) characterization of the regional innovation system in Atlántico, identifying actor interrelations and institutional dynamics; (2) construction of a matrix of strategic elements to identify key and emerging issues in actor management; and (3) integration of findings to develop a theoretical model of sustainability meanings as a reference for organizational management. The research findings enabled the characterization of Atlántico’s regional innovation system as an emerging reference at the national level, identifying interrelationships among actors and progress in institutional capabilities, while also highlighting persistent challenges in actor coordination, initiative sustainability, and the appropriation of innovation policies. Strategic elements were also identified, deepening the integration of sustainability into organizational processes, with economic, social, and environmental dimensions emerging as key components in actor management. The third main result presents a theoretical model of sustainability meanings for organizational management among innovation system actors in Atlántico. This model is built on the triangulation of empirical findings with conceptual frameworks, capturing how actors interpret their relationships with the external environment based on power, urgency, and legitimacy, and how these perceptions translate into organizational strategies oriented toward sustainability. In conclusion, while the transformative innovation framework and missionoriented science policy have been formally adopted in Colombia’s national planning and management instruments, their effective adaptation and contextualization at the territorial level remain a challenge. In the case of Atlántico, emergent conditions position it as a potential reference system for advancing transformative innovation. Achieving this requires strengthening collaboration mechanisms, designing support strategies for small organizations, and implementing integrative mechanisms that connect knowledge generation with territorial impacts.
This doctoral dissertation is part of the research line on technology and innovation management, with a specific focus on science policy within the framework of transformative innovation for organizational sustainability management, adopting a mission-oriented policy perspective. The research was conducted within the regional innovation system of the Atlántico department, Colombia, during the period 2022– 2024. Its general objective was to understand how actors within this innovation system align scientific and organizational capabilities with territorial dynamics to generate sustainability strategies aligned with collective development goals. this objective stems from the limited specific actions aimed at promoting transformative innovation among actors within Atlántico’s innovation system, particularly those situated at the base of the pyramid. The research problem is framed by a context marked by institutional fragmentation, structural tensions, and the limited territorial appropriation of science policy. These factors hinder articulation between academic, productive, institutional, and social sectors situations that coexist with a global shift in science policy paradigms. Internationally, innovation is increasingly viewed not only to enhance competitiveness but also as a tool for enabling deep transformations in sociotechnical systems a shift in which Colombia has participated through various initiatives and regional strategies that have contributed to the discourse surrounding this new paradigm. In Colombia, the transformative innovation framework was developed through a participatory process involving diverse stakeholders from the national science, technology, and innovation system. This process informed the formulation of public policies such as CONPES 4069 (2021), which sets the roadmap for scientific and technological development for the 2022–2031 decade, and the mission-oriented research and innovation policy approach, formalized in Resolution 1452 (2024), which establishes five medium-term transformative missions. Accordingly, this dissertation is grounded in the contemporary debate on science policy frameworks, with transformative innovation emphasizing the need for change in sociotechnical systems through the principles of directionality, collective learning, multi-actor participation, and experimentation to mobilize capabilities for addressing contextspecific social and environmental challenges. The mission-oriented policy approach further advocates for the definition of concrete, feasible, and socially relevant goals to serve as reference points for public mechanisms and actions. This perspective highlights the role of the entrepreneurial state as an enabler of transformative missions, seeking to align public policy with transformative objectives. This framework has been adopted in various international contexts to address complex challenges. Based on this theoretical foundation, the study also incorporates recent developments in organizational sustainability management, understood not as an operational adjustment but as a strategic approach. It considers stakeholder management as a key integrative mechanism, enabling an analysis of how regional actors interpret, translate, and operationalize sustainability solutions according to their organizational purposes and specific contexts. Epistemologically, the methodological framework is grounded in the post-positivist paradigm, embracing the social construction of reality and learning through system complexity. A qualitative data analysis approach was adopted, with a constructivist research design aimed at deepening the narrative of actors and interpreting the connections between innovation and sustainability. A case study methodology was employed as the main analytical approach, enabling the development of propositions concerning the nature and behavior of actors within the innovation system. Data collection included semi-structured interviews with 31 actors from the regional system, alongside a document analysis of institutional and academic sources. Stakeholder analysis focused on engaging actors from the Atlántico innovation system, categorized into four policy-recognized typologies: knowledge generation; technology development and transfer; innovation and productivity; and science culture and mindset. The methodological process unfolded in three stages: (1) characterization of the regional innovation system in Atlántico, identifying actor interrelations and institutional dynamics; (2) construction of a matrix of strategic elements to identify key and emerging issues in actor management; and (3) integration of findings to develop a theoretical model of sustainability meanings as a reference for organizational management. The research findings enabled the characterization of Atlántico’s regional innovation system as an emerging reference at the national level, identifying interrelationships among actors and progress in institutional capabilities, while also highlighting persistent challenges in actor coordination, initiative sustainability, and the appropriation of innovation policies. Strategic elements were also identified, deepening the integration of sustainability into organizational processes, with economic, social, and environmental dimensions emerging as key components in actor management. The third main result presents a theoretical model of sustainability meanings for organizational management among innovation system actors in Atlántico. This model is built on the triangulation of empirical findings with conceptual frameworks, capturing how actors interpret their relationships with the external environment based on power, urgency, and legitimacy, and how these perceptions translate into organizational strategies oriented toward sustainability. In conclusion, while the transformative innovation framework and missionoriented science policy have been formally adopted in Colombia’s national planning and management instruments, their effective adaptation and contextualization at the territorial level remain a challenge. In the case of Atlántico, emergent conditions position it as a potential reference system for advancing transformative innovation. Achieving this requires strengthening collaboration mechanisms, designing support strategies for small organizations, and implementing integrative mechanisms that connect knowledge generation with territorial impacts.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Innovación transformativa, Gestión de la sostenibilidad organizacional, Política científica, Sistema regional de innovación
