Prácticas sexuales en jóvenes entre 18-21 años de la Universidad simón Bolívar en la ciudad de Barranquilla
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Fecha
2024
Autores
De la Hoz Torrado, María Fernanda
Fabregas Blanco, Jeimy Esther
Freile Cortés, Beyaniris María
Nasrallah Garrido, Katlyn
Rumbo Del Valle, Valeria
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Editor
Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
El tema de la sexualidad ha sido visto con tabú y recelo a lo largo del tiempo,
considerándose inapropiado abordarlo en el ámbito académico y en los contextos
próximos de los y las jóvenes. Esto ha llevado a que muchos jóvenes no se informen
sobre cómo llevar una vida sexual que enriquezca su sentido de vida y les permita
un desarrollo integral desde el autoconocimiento. Esto ha implicado la asociación
entre la sexualidad de los jóvenes y distintas condiciones que resultan desafiantes.
Entre estos están las infecciones de Transmisión Sexual (ITS) como el VIH/SIDA,
la sífilis, clamidia y gonorrea. Según la Cuenta de Alto Costo (CAC, 2023), en
Colombia se identificaron 141.787 casos de VIH en 2022, con una alta mortalidad
en regiones específicas. Otro problema significativo es la alta tasa de embarazos a
temprana edad, que en América Latina y el Caribe tienen la segunda tasa más alta
de fecundidad adolescente del mundo, lo que lleva a consecuencias económicas y
educativas negativas para las jóvenes madres, incluyendo la deserción universitaria
y la mortalidad materna (ONU, UNDESA, 2015; OPS, 2013). Un estudio en 2020
mostró que solo uno de los 27 embarazos entrevistados fue planificado y que estos
embarazos trajeron dificultades académicas, de salud y económicas para los
estudiantes (Hernández et al., 2020).
De igual manera, la organización patriarcal y los estereotipos de género también
influyen en la falta de responsabilidad compartida respecto al uso de métodos
anticonceptivos, cuya responsabilidad recae mayormente en las mujeres jóvenes.
En ese sentido, la existencia de muchos métodos para ellas pero solo dos para los
hombres como el condón y la vasectomía, señalan la necesidad de interpelar al
conocimiento y tecnologías científicas que en el proceso de control de las
enfermedades y de la natalidad, han colocado históricamente el cuerpo de la mujer
en el centro, obviando que algunos anticonceptivos hormonales pueden tener
efectos secundarios severos, como riesgos de cáncer y problemas cardiovasculares
(Instituto Nacional del Cáncer, 2018; Mayo Clinic, 2023).
Por otro lado, la autoexploración es importante para el autoconocimiento sexual,
aunque se ha construido como una práctica estigmatizada, lo que contribuye al
desconocimiento del propio cuerpo conectado con experiencias afectivas y sociales.
Es necesario, en ese sentido que, en los ambientes educativos, exista el espacio
para interrogar la sexualidad, ya sea desde un ámbito académico que posibilite
promover la educación sexual en estudiantes universitarios para prevenir ETS,
embarazos no deseados y la discriminación de género. Sin embargo, muchos
jóvenes y docentes aún ven estas actividades educativas como innecesarias o
vergonzosas, persistiendo practicas con base del desconocimiento y creencias
instauradas. De ahí, que la finalidad de este proyecto investigativo sea responder a
la pregunta ¿Cuáles son las prácticas sexuales en los jóvenes entre 18-21 años de
la Universidad Simón Bolívar en la ciudad de Barranquilla?
Objetivo general: Comprender cuáles son las prácticas sexuales de jóvenes
universitarios entre 18 a 21 años en la ciudad de Barranquilla.
Sexuality has been viewed with taboo and suspicion over time, considered inappropriate to address in academic settings and in the immediate contexts of young people. This has led to many young people not being informed about how to lead a sexual life that enriches their sense of life and allows them comprehensive development through self-knowledge. This has involved the association between youth sexuality and various challenging conditions. Among these are sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as HIV/AIDS, syphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea. According to the Cuenta de Alto Costo (CAC, 2023), 141,787 cases of HIV were identified in Colombia in 2022, with high mortality in specific regions. Another significant issue is the high rate of early pregnancies, with Latin America and the Caribbean having the second-highest adolescent fertility rate in the world, leading to negative economic and educational consequences for young mothers, including university dropout and maternal mortality (UN, UNDESA, 2015; PAHO, 2013). A 2020 study showed that only one of the 27 pregnancies interviewed was planned, and these pregnancies brought academic, health, and economic difficulties for students (Hernández et al., 2020). Similarly, the patriarchal organization and gender stereotypes also influence the lack of shared responsibility regarding the use of contraceptive methods, whose responsibility falls mostly on young women. In this sense, the existence of many methods for women but only two for men, such as condoms and vasectomy, highlights the need to question scientific knowledge and technologies that, in the process of disease and birth control, have historically placed women's bodies at the center, ignoring that some hormonal contraceptives can have severe side effects, such as cancer risks and cardiovascular problems (National Cancer Institute, 2018; Mayo Clinic, 2023). On the other hand, self-exploration is important for sexual self-knowledge, although it has been constructed as a stigmatized practice, contributing to a lack of knowledge about one's own body connected with affective and social experiences. It is necessary, in this sense, that educational environments provide space to question sexuality, whether from an academic perspective that promotes sexual education among university students to prevent STIs, unwanted pregnancies, and gender discrimination. However, many young people and teachers still see these educational activities as unnecessary or embarrassing, perpetuating practices based on ignorance and established beliefs. Hence, the purpose of this research project is to answer the question: What are the sexual practices of young people aged 18-21 at Simón Bolívar University in the city of Barranquilla? General Objective: To understand the sexual practices of university students aged 18 to 21 in the city of Barranquilla.
Sexuality has been viewed with taboo and suspicion over time, considered inappropriate to address in academic settings and in the immediate contexts of young people. This has led to many young people not being informed about how to lead a sexual life that enriches their sense of life and allows them comprehensive development through self-knowledge. This has involved the association between youth sexuality and various challenging conditions. Among these are sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as HIV/AIDS, syphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea. According to the Cuenta de Alto Costo (CAC, 2023), 141,787 cases of HIV were identified in Colombia in 2022, with high mortality in specific regions. Another significant issue is the high rate of early pregnancies, with Latin America and the Caribbean having the second-highest adolescent fertility rate in the world, leading to negative economic and educational consequences for young mothers, including university dropout and maternal mortality (UN, UNDESA, 2015; PAHO, 2013). A 2020 study showed that only one of the 27 pregnancies interviewed was planned, and these pregnancies brought academic, health, and economic difficulties for students (Hernández et al., 2020). Similarly, the patriarchal organization and gender stereotypes also influence the lack of shared responsibility regarding the use of contraceptive methods, whose responsibility falls mostly on young women. In this sense, the existence of many methods for women but only two for men, such as condoms and vasectomy, highlights the need to question scientific knowledge and technologies that, in the process of disease and birth control, have historically placed women's bodies at the center, ignoring that some hormonal contraceptives can have severe side effects, such as cancer risks and cardiovascular problems (National Cancer Institute, 2018; Mayo Clinic, 2023). On the other hand, self-exploration is important for sexual self-knowledge, although it has been constructed as a stigmatized practice, contributing to a lack of knowledge about one's own body connected with affective and social experiences. It is necessary, in this sense, that educational environments provide space to question sexuality, whether from an academic perspective that promotes sexual education among university students to prevent STIs, unwanted pregnancies, and gender discrimination. However, many young people and teachers still see these educational activities as unnecessary or embarrassing, perpetuating practices based on ignorance and established beliefs. Hence, the purpose of this research project is to answer the question: What are the sexual practices of young people aged 18-21 at Simón Bolívar University in the city of Barranquilla? General Objective: To understand the sexual practices of university students aged 18 to 21 in the city of Barranquilla.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Prácticas sexuales, Sexualidad, Métodos anticonceptivos, Educación sexual, Enfermedades de transmisión sexual, Seexting
