Aplicación de herramientas biotecnológicas para la obtención de pigmento bacteriano con potencial industrial

Romero Jiménez, Maria de los Angeles

Aplicación de herramientas biotecnológicas para la obtención de pigmento bacteriano con potencial industrial

datacite.rights	http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_f1cf
dc.contributor.advisor	Machado Sierra, Elwi
dc.contributor.advisor	Aranguren Diaz, Yani
dc.contributor.author	Romero Jiménez, Maria de los Angeles
dc.date.accessioned	2025-12-03T20:22:19Z
dc.date.available	2025-12-03T20:22:19Z
dc.date.issued	2025
dc.description.abstract	El uso indiscriminado de colorantes sintéticos en la industria alimentaria, cosmética y textil ha generado preocupaciones ambientales y sanitarias debido a su baja degradabilidad y potencial toxicidad (Dutta et al., 2024; Tkaczyk et al., 2020). En este contexto, los pigmentos bacterianos emergen como alternativas sostenibles por su origen natural, biodegradabilidad y propiedades bioactivas (Nigam & Luke, 2016; Venil et al., 2020). El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo aislar, caracterizar y evaluar un pigmento bacteriano con potencial industrial obtenido a partir de una cepa nativa del suelo agrícola del Caribe colombiano. La cepa fue aislada de la rizosfera de maíz del municipio de Juan de Acosta (Atlántico, Colombia) y cultivada en medio Luria-Bertani. La identificación molecular, basada en la secuenciación del gen 16S rRNA, mostró un 89 % de identidad con secuencias de referencia del género Serratia, lo que sugiere la presencia de una cepa ambiental divergente o la posible existencia de un linaje local. Aun así, las características morfológicas y fisiológicas permitieron su tratamiento experimental como Serratia marcescens. El pigmento extraído con etanol presentó un máximo de absorbancia a 525 nm, consistente con el espectro característico de la prodigiosina, e indicó la presencia de grupos funcionales –OH y C=O en el análisis FTIR, propios de compuestos tripirrólicos (Choi et al., 2021; Narsing Rao et al., 2017). De manera destacable, el pigmento mostró solubilidad parcial en agua, un comportamiento inusual frente a la prodigiosina tradicionalmente descrita como hidrofóbica (Choi et al., 2021), lo que podría representar una ventaja tecnológica para su incorporación en matrices acuosas o productos alimentarios. Además, los ensayos de difusión en disco revelaron actividad antimicrobiana selectiva frente a bacterias Gram positivas, especialmente Bacillus spizizenii, incluso con extractos diluidos (1/100), evidenciando la potencia biológica del metabolito. Estos resultados demuestran el potencial biotecnológico de cepas nativas productoras de pigmentos como alternativa ecológica frente a los colorantes sintéticos. La capacidad de producir un pigmento ópticamente similar a la prodigiosina, con propiedades de solubilidad mejoradas y actividad antimicrobiana a bajas concentraciones, posiciona a este aislado como un recurso prometedor para el desarrollo de bioprocesos sostenibles en la industria. En conjunto, este estudio contribuye al conocimiento científico sobre los pigmentos bacterianos y promueve la valorización de microorganismos autóctonos del Caribe colombiano como fuente de compuestos funcionales con aplicación industrial y ambiental (Grewal et al., 2022; Lyu et al., 2022; Kumar et al., 2022).	spa
dc.description.abstract	The indiscriminate use of synthetic dyes in the food, cosmetic, and textile industries has raised environmental and health concerns due to their low degradability and potential toxicity (Dutta et al., 2024; Tkaczyk et al., 2020). In this context, bacterial pigments have emerged as sustainable alternatives due to their natural origin, biodegradability, and bioactive properties (Nigam & Luke, 2016; Venil et al., 2020). This study aimed to isolate, characterize, and evaluate a bacterial pigment with industrial potential obtained from a native strain of agricultural soil in the Colombian Caribbean. The strain was isolated from the rhizosphere of maize crops in Juan de Acosta (Atlántico, Colombia) and cultivated in Luria-Bertani medium. Molecular identification based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed 89% identity with Serratia reference sequences, suggesting either a divergent environmental strain or the existence of a local lineage. Nonetheless, morphological and physiological traits supported its experimental classification as Serratia marcescens. The ethanol-extracted pigment exhibited a maximum absorbance at 525 nm, consistent with the characteristic spectrum of prodigiosin, and FTIR analysis showed –OH and C=O functional groups typical of tripyrrolic compounds (Choi et al., 2021; Narsing Rao et al., 2017). Remarkably, the pigment exhibited partial solubility in water, an unusual behavior compared to the traditionally hydrophobic prodigiosin (Choi et al., 2021), which could represent a technological advantage for its incorporation into aqueous or food matrices. Furthermore, disk diffusion assays revealed selective antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, particularly Bacillus spizizenii, even at low extract concentrations (1/100), highlighting the compound’s biological potency. These findings demonstrate the biotechnological potential of native pigment-producing strains as ecological alternatives to synthetic dyes. The ability to produce a pigment optically similar to prodigiosin, with improved solubility and antimicrobial activity at low concentrations, positions this isolate as a promising resource for the development of sustainable bioprocesses. Overall, this study contributes to scientific knowledge on bacterial pigments and promotes the valorization of native microorganisms from the Colombian Caribbean as sources of functional compounds with industrial and environmental applications (Grewal et al., 2022; Lyu et al., 2022; Kumar et al., 2022).	eng
dc.format.mimetype	pdf
dc.identifier.uri	https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12442/17156
dc.language.iso	spa
dc.publisher	Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar	spa
dc.publisher	Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas	spa
dc.rights	Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International	eng
dc.rights.accessrights	info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccess
dc.rights.uri	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subject	Serratia marcescens	spa
dc.subject	Prodigiosina	spa
dc.subject	Pigmentos bacterianos	spa
dc.subject	Biotecnología	spa
dc.subject	Antimicrobiano natural	spa
dc.subject	Sostenibilidad	spa
dc.subject.keywords	Serratia marcescens	eng
dc.subject.keywords	Prodigiosin	eng
dc.subject.keywords	Bacterial pigments	eng
dc.subject.keywords	Biotechnology	eng
dc.subject.keywords	Natural antimicrobial	eng
dc.subject.keywords	Sustainability	eng
dc.title	Aplicación de herramientas biotecnológicas para la obtención de pigmento bacteriano con potencial industrial	spa
dc.type.driver	info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
dc.type.spa	Trabajo de grado - pregrado
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oaire.version	info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
sb.programa	Microbiología	spa
sb.sede	Sede Barranquilla	spa