Asociación del cociente sFlt-1/PlGF con desenlaces maternos y perinatales en trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo: corte retrospectiva en una clínica de Barranquilla (2022–2024)
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Escalante Méndez, Carlos Andrés
Bolívar Mercado, Anuar Rafael
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
Introducción: La preeclampsia continúa siendo una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad materna y perinatal a nivel mundial, especialmente en regiones de ingresos medios como Barranquilla, donde su abordaje oportuno representa un desafío clínico. En los últimos años, se han introducido biomarcadores angiogénicos como sFlt-1 y PlGF, los cuales han mostrado potencial para mejorar el diagnóstico, la estratificación del riesgo y la toma de decisiones terapéuticas. Sin embargo, la evidencia local sobre su impacto en los desenlaces clínicos aún es limitada, lo que resalta la necesidad de estudios que evalúen su utilidad en población materna de este contexto. Objetivo: Analizar los desenlaces maternos y perinatales en pacientes con preeclampsia en quienes se utilizó la relación sFlt-1/PlGF en una clínica de Barranquilla durante el periodo diciembre 2022 – diciembre 2024.
Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional analítico de enfoque cuantitativo, basado en la revisión retrospectiva de historias clínicas de gestantes diagnosticadas con preeclampsia a quienes se les realizó la medición de la relación sFlt-1/PlGF como parte del protocolo asistencial. Se recogieron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas, materno-fetales y desenlaces perinatales. Se realizaron análisis estadísticos descriptivos e inferenciales para determinar asociaciones entre los valores del biomarcador y los desenlaces clínicos. Resultados: Se evidenció que valores elevados de la relación sFlt-1/PlGF se asociaron con mayor frecuencia de parto pretérmino, necesidad de manejo en unidad de cuidado intensivo materno y mayores tasas de restricción del crecimiento intrauterino. Las pacientes con rangos moderados mostraron desenlaces intermedios, mientras que aquellas con relación baja presentaron evolución clínica favorable. Se observó que la aplicación del biomarcador permitió una toma de decisiones más individualizada, reduciendo intervenciones innecesarias y mejorando la vigilancia de los casos con riesgo elevado. Conclusiones: La incorporación de la relación sFlt-1/PlGF en el manejo de la preeclampsia se asoció con una mejor identificación de pacientes con alto riesgo de complicaciones materno-perinatales. Su uso contribuyó a optimizar el momento del parto y a orientar estrategias terapéuticas diferenciadas. Estos hallazgos respaldan la inclusión de este biomarcador como herramienta clínica complementaria en protocolos institucionales, generando un potencial impacto positivo en la calidad de la atención obstétrica en Barranquilla.
Introduction: Preeclampsia remains one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in middle-income regions such as Barranquilla, where timely clinical decision-making poses a significant challenge. In recent years, angiogenic biomarkers such as sFlt-1 and PlGF have emerged as promising tools for improving diagnosis, risk stratification, and therapeutic planning. However, local evidence regarding their clinical impact on obstetric outcomes is still limited, highlighting the need for studies that assess their effectiveness within the maternal population of this context. Objective: To analyze maternal and perinatal outcomes in patients with preeclampsia in whom the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio was used at a clinic in Barranquilla between December 2022 and December 2024. Materials and methods: An analytical observational study with a quantitative approach was conducted through retrospective review of medical records from pregnant women diagnosed with preeclampsia who underwent measurement of the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio as part of clinical management. Sociodemographic, clinical, maternal-fetal, and neonatal outcome variables were collected. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed to determine associations between biomarker levels and clinical outcomes. Results: Elevated sFlt-1/PlGF ratios were associated with higher rates of preterm delivery, maternal admission to intensive care, and increased incidence of intrauterine growth restriction. Patients with moderate ratios exhibited intermediate outcomes, whereas those with low ratios had favorable clinical evolution. The use of the biomarker contributed to more individualized decision-making, reducing unnecessary interventions and optimizing surveillance for high-risk cases. Conclusions: Incorporation of the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio into the management of preeclampsia was associated with improved identification of patients at high risk for maternal and perinatal complications. Its application facilitated optimal timing of delivery and supported differentiated therapeutic strategies. These findings justify the inclusion of this biomarker as a complementary clinical tool in institutional protocols, with potential positive impact on the quality of obstetric care in Barranquilla.
Introduction: Preeclampsia remains one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in middle-income regions such as Barranquilla, where timely clinical decision-making poses a significant challenge. In recent years, angiogenic biomarkers such as sFlt-1 and PlGF have emerged as promising tools for improving diagnosis, risk stratification, and therapeutic planning. However, local evidence regarding their clinical impact on obstetric outcomes is still limited, highlighting the need for studies that assess their effectiveness within the maternal population of this context. Objective: To analyze maternal and perinatal outcomes in patients with preeclampsia in whom the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio was used at a clinic in Barranquilla between December 2022 and December 2024. Materials and methods: An analytical observational study with a quantitative approach was conducted through retrospective review of medical records from pregnant women diagnosed with preeclampsia who underwent measurement of the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio as part of clinical management. Sociodemographic, clinical, maternal-fetal, and neonatal outcome variables were collected. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed to determine associations between biomarker levels and clinical outcomes. Results: Elevated sFlt-1/PlGF ratios were associated with higher rates of preterm delivery, maternal admission to intensive care, and increased incidence of intrauterine growth restriction. Patients with moderate ratios exhibited intermediate outcomes, whereas those with low ratios had favorable clinical evolution. The use of the biomarker contributed to more individualized decision-making, reducing unnecessary interventions and optimizing surveillance for high-risk cases. Conclusions: Incorporation of the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio into the management of preeclampsia was associated with improved identification of patients at high risk for maternal and perinatal complications. Its application facilitated optimal timing of delivery and supported differentiated therapeutic strategies. These findings justify the inclusion of this biomarker as a complementary clinical tool in institutional protocols, with potential positive impact on the quality of obstetric care in Barranquilla.
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Palabras clave
Preeclampsia, sFlt-1, PlGF, Desenlaces maternos, Desenlaces perinatales, Biomarcadores angiogénicos, Embarazo de alto riesgo