Transformaciones del Sistema de Pensiones en Colombia (2010-2024): Un estudio de avances, retrocesos y perspectivas
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Fecha
2024
Autores
Cáceres Numper, Juan Sebastián
Quintero Flórez, Giovanni Hernando
Reyes Mendoza, José Manuel
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
El análisis de los avances y retrocesos del Sistema General de Pensiones en Colombia durante
2010-2024 examina desafíos significativos en sostenibilidad fiscal, equidad y cobertura. Este
estudio busca comprender la evolución de estos aspectos en la última década, evaluando
logros y áreas que requieren mejoras. El objetivo principal es analizar la efectividad y
equidad del sistema para los aportantes en este período. Específicamente, se caracteriza la
sostenibilidad económica del sistema, se comparan los regímenes públicos y privados en
términos de cobertura y equidad, y se describen las barreras de acceso al sistema por
dimensiones sociodemográficas. La metodología incluye análisis de datos longitudinales y
análisis de políticas mediante revisión de documentos gubernamentales y evaluaciones de
impacto. Los resultados destacan que la sostenibilidad del sistema está comprometida por la
creciente carga fiscal, altos costos administrativos, baja cobertura y alta inequidad. La
comparación entre regímenes muestra que el público es más inclusivo pero enfrenta mayores
desafíos financieros, mientras que el privado beneficia más a ingresos altos, exacerbando
inequidades. Las barreras de acceso afectan principalmente a trabajadores informales,
mujeres y personas en áreas rurales. Aunque ha habido avances en cobertura e inclusión,
persisten desafíos significativos. La investigación subraya la necesidad de políticas públicas
más inclusivas y sostenibles, la promoción de la formalización del empleo, la mejora en la
gestión de fondos pensionales y el fortalecimiento de mecanismos de protección social para
los grupos más vulnerables.
The analysis of the advances and setbacks of the General Pension System in Colombia from 2010 to 2024 examines significant challenges in fiscal sustainability, equity, and coverage. This study aims to understand the evolution of these aspects over the last decade, evaluating achievements and areas needing improvement. The primary objective is to analyze the system's effectiveness and equity for contributors during this period. Specifically, it characterizes the system's economic sustainability, compares public and private regimes regarding coverage and equity, and describes access barriers based on sociodemographic dimensions. The methodology includes longitudinal data analysis and policy analysis through a comprehensive review of government documents and impact evaluations. Findings highlight that the system's sustainability is compromised by increasing fiscal burdens, high administrative costs, low coverage, and high inequity. The comparison between regimes shows that the public regime is more inclusive but faces greater financial challenges, while the private regime offers more benefits to high-income individuals, exacerbating inequities. Access barriers mainly affect informal workers, women, and people in rural areas. Despite advances in coverage and inclusion, significant challenges remain. The study underscores the need for more inclusive and sustainable public policies, promotion of employment formalization, improved pension fund management, and strengthened social protection mechanisms for the most vulnerable groups.
The analysis of the advances and setbacks of the General Pension System in Colombia from 2010 to 2024 examines significant challenges in fiscal sustainability, equity, and coverage. This study aims to understand the evolution of these aspects over the last decade, evaluating achievements and areas needing improvement. The primary objective is to analyze the system's effectiveness and equity for contributors during this period. Specifically, it characterizes the system's economic sustainability, compares public and private regimes regarding coverage and equity, and describes access barriers based on sociodemographic dimensions. The methodology includes longitudinal data analysis and policy analysis through a comprehensive review of government documents and impact evaluations. Findings highlight that the system's sustainability is compromised by increasing fiscal burdens, high administrative costs, low coverage, and high inequity. The comparison between regimes shows that the public regime is more inclusive but faces greater financial challenges, while the private regime offers more benefits to high-income individuals, exacerbating inequities. Access barriers mainly affect informal workers, women, and people in rural areas. Despite advances in coverage and inclusion, significant challenges remain. The study underscores the need for more inclusive and sustainable public policies, promotion of employment formalization, improved pension fund management, and strengthened social protection mechanisms for the most vulnerable groups.
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Palabras clave
Equidad, Cobertura, Sistema General de Pensiones, Sostenibilidad fiscal, Régimen de Pensión Público y Privado
