Análisis de los factores que influyen en la ocupación indebida del espacio público del municipio de San José de Cúcuta
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Parra Luna, Olga Marcela
Hernández Acosta, Alfonso
Olejua Urbina, Gustavo Andrés
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Resumen
El presente trabajo analiza los factores que inciden en la ocupación indebida del espacio público en San José de Cúcuta, problemática de gran relevancia por sus implicaciones sociales, económicas, jurídicas y urbanísticas. El objetivo fue comprender las causas del crecimiento de este fenómeno y proponer estrategias que permitan garantizar el interés general y, a la vez, proteger los derechos fundamentales de quienes recurren a estas actividades como medio de subsistencia.
La ocupación se manifiesta en el aumento de vendedores informales en andenes, parques y zonas peatonales, así como en la instalación irregular de casetas. Aunque estas prácticas generan ingresos para numerosas familias, también producen tensiones sociales, obstáculos a la movilidad y conflictos entre actores ciudadanos. Para algunos, representan desorden urbano; para otros, son una estrategia de supervivencia frente al desempleo y la falta de oportunidades formales.
El estudio adoptó un enfoque mixto, basado en Hernández y Mendoza (2020), que combinó cuestionarios a ciudadanos y vendedores informales con el análisis del marco normativo vigente. Ello permitió integrar percepciones sociales y revisión crítica de las políticas públicas, ofreciendo una visión integral del problema.
Los resultados muestran que, si bien la normativa protege el espacio público como bien común, la jurisprudencia reconoce derechos de los vendedores informales como sujetos de especial protección. En consecuencia, los desalojos no pueden realizarse sin ofrecer alternativas de reubicación o formalización. Se concluye que se requieren intervenciones integrales que articulen ordenamiento territorial, estrategias de inclusión productiva y programas de formalización laboral para avanzar hacia una gestión urbana inclusiva y sostenible.
This paper analyzes the factors that influence the illegal occupation of public space in San José de Cúcuta, a problem of great relevance due to its social, economic, legal, and urban implications. The objective was to understand the causes of the growth of this phenomenon and propose strategies that guarantee the general interest while protecting the fundamental rights of those who resort to these activities as a means of subsistence. This occupation manifests itself in the increase in informal vendors on sidewalks, in parks, and in pedestrian areas, as well as in the irregular installation of stalls. Although these practices generate income for many families, they also cause social tensions, obstacles to mobility, and conflicts between citizens. For some, they represent urban disorder; for others, they are a survival strategy in the face of unemployment and a lack of formal opportunities. The study adopted a mixed approach, based on Hernández and Mendoza (2020), which combined questionnaires for citizens and informal vendors with an analysis of the current regulatory framework. This allowed for the integration of social perceptions and a critical review of public policies, offering a comprehensive view of the problem. The results show that, although regulations protect public space as a common good, case law recognizes the rights of informal vendors as subjects of special protection. Consequently, evictions cannot be carried out without offering alternatives for relocation or formalization. It is concluded that comprehensive interventions are required that articulate land use planning, productive inclusion strategies, and labor formalization programs in order to advance toward inclusive and sustainable urban manag
This paper analyzes the factors that influence the illegal occupation of public space in San José de Cúcuta, a problem of great relevance due to its social, economic, legal, and urban implications. The objective was to understand the causes of the growth of this phenomenon and propose strategies that guarantee the general interest while protecting the fundamental rights of those who resort to these activities as a means of subsistence. This occupation manifests itself in the increase in informal vendors on sidewalks, in parks, and in pedestrian areas, as well as in the irregular installation of stalls. Although these practices generate income for many families, they also cause social tensions, obstacles to mobility, and conflicts between citizens. For some, they represent urban disorder; for others, they are a survival strategy in the face of unemployment and a lack of formal opportunities. The study adopted a mixed approach, based on Hernández and Mendoza (2020), which combined questionnaires for citizens and informal vendors with an analysis of the current regulatory framework. This allowed for the integration of social perceptions and a critical review of public policies, offering a comprehensive view of the problem. The results show that, although regulations protect public space as a common good, case law recognizes the rights of informal vendors as subjects of special protection. Consequently, evictions cannot be carried out without offering alternatives for relocation or formalization. It is concluded that comprehensive interventions are required that articulate land use planning, productive inclusion strategies, and labor formalization programs in order to advance toward inclusive and sustainable urban manag
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Vendedor informal, Espacio público, Aprovechamiento económico
