La participación de las víctimas en los preacuerdos: tensiones entre eficacia procesal y derechos fundamentales en el sistema penal colombiano
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Castellanos González, Gerson Camilo
Bonex Benítez, Dililler
González Cáceres, Ronald Esteiner
Carrillo, Gerson Javier
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
El objetivo de esta investigación se centró en analizar la intervención de las víctimas en los preacuerdos dentro del sistema penal, considerando la tensión que existe entre la eficacia procesal y la protección de los derechos fundamentales. Desde el paradigma interpretativo y con enfoque cualitativo, se aplicó como metodología la revisión documental para el estudio y sistematización de las normas, jurisprudencia de las altas cortes y literatura académica.
Los resultados evidenciaron que, aunque la Ley 906 de 2004 reconocía formalmente a la víctima como interviniente especial, su participación fue débil y en la mayoría de los casos se encontró que la búsqueda de celeridad procesal y descongestión de los Despachos prevalecía sobre principios esenciales como el debido proceso, la dignidad humana, la igualdad de armas y la legalidad. Además, se constató que una gran cantidad de víctimas no recibían información sobre los preacuerdos que se celebraban entre el ente acusador, el procesado y el abogado defensor, lo que debilitaba sus derechos a la verdad, la justicia y la reparación integral.
En conclusión, se determinó que el sistema penal ha incluido a la víctima de manera formal en los preacuerdos, pero aún no garantiza una participación efectiva; por ello, es necesario impulsar reformas normativas y formación judicial que fortalezcan el papel de las víctimas, equilibrando la eficacia y celeridad procesal con la protección plena de sus derechos fundamentales.
The objective of this research was to analyze the participation of victims in plea agreements within the criminal justice system, considering the tension that exists between procedural efficiency and the protection of fundamental rights.From an interpretative paradigm and a qualitative approach, a documentary review methodology was applied for the study and systematization of legal norms, high court jurisprudence, and academic literature. The results showed that although Law 906 of 2004 formally recognized the victim as a special participant, their involvement was weak, and in most cases, it was found that the pursuit of procedural speed and the reduction of court backlog prevailed over essential principles such as due process, human dignity, equality of arms, and legality. Furthermore, it was verified that a large number of victims were not informed about the plea agreements entered into between the prosecuting entity, the defendant, and the defense attorney, which undermined their rights to truth, justice, and full reparation. In conclusion, it was determined that the criminal justice system has formally included the victim in plea agreements but still does not ensure effective participation; therefore, it is necessary to promote legal reforms and judicial training that strengthen the role of victims, balancing procedural efficiency and promptness with the full protection of their fundamental rights.
The objective of this research was to analyze the participation of victims in plea agreements within the criminal justice system, considering the tension that exists between procedural efficiency and the protection of fundamental rights.From an interpretative paradigm and a qualitative approach, a documentary review methodology was applied for the study and systematization of legal norms, high court jurisprudence, and academic literature. The results showed that although Law 906 of 2004 formally recognized the victim as a special participant, their involvement was weak, and in most cases, it was found that the pursuit of procedural speed and the reduction of court backlog prevailed over essential principles such as due process, human dignity, equality of arms, and legality. Furthermore, it was verified that a large number of victims were not informed about the plea agreements entered into between the prosecuting entity, the defendant, and the defense attorney, which undermined their rights to truth, justice, and full reparation. In conclusion, it was determined that the criminal justice system has formally included the victim in plea agreements but still does not ensure effective participation; therefore, it is necessary to promote legal reforms and judicial training that strengthen the role of victims, balancing procedural efficiency and promptness with the full protection of their fundamental rights.
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Palabras clave
Celeridad, Victima, Preacuerdo, Garantías, Proceso
