Cambios metabólicos de pacientes que reciben algún tipo de tratamiento psicofarmacológico, una revisión sistemática
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Fecha
2023
Autores
Sepulveda Lizcano, Lizeth Natalia
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
El tratamiento psicofarmacológico de alteraciones psicopatológicas puede conducir a alteraciones metabólicas que influyen en la salud física y la calidad de vida de los pacientes. El objetivo de esta revisión fue identificar los cambios metabólicos que presentan los pacientes que reciben este tipo de tratamiento, mediante la metodología PRISMA. En las bases de datos SCOPUS, CLARIVATE, SCIENCE DIRECT y PUBMED, seleccionando estudios trasversales, retrospectivos y ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, con antidepresivos, anticonvulsivantes y antipsicóticos, encontrando un total de 64 estudios, donde muestran que la familia de fármacos que mayor riesgo y/o alteraciones metabólicas genera es la de antidepresivos, amitriptilina, Imipramina y clomipramina los cuales provocan en mayor frecuencia aumento de peso, estreñimiento y efectos a nivel cardiovascular. Los antidepresivos ISRS Fluoxetina, Sertralina, Citalopram, Escitalopram, Paroxetina presentan una alta prevalencia de sufrir alteraciones gastro intestinales y alteraciones cardiacas, Los anticonvulsivos acido valproico y Fosfenitoina, generan reacciones adversas como aumento de peso, alteración de apetito y sueño. Los antipsicóticos como Clozapina, Olanzapina, Risperidona, genera aumento de peso, diabetes, deterioro del perfil lipídico. Se concluye que los cambios metabólicos, ocasionados por la medicación psicofarmacológica varía de acuerdo con la edad los sujetos, por tal razón, el seguimiento a los efectos adversos debe realizarse de manera constante, y es pertinente realizar estudios de campo que amplie información relaciona con los demás psicofármacos con prescripción médica más frecuente.
Psychopharmacological treatment of psychopathological disorders can lead to metabolic alterations that influence the physical health and quality of life of patients. The aim of this review was to identify the metabolic changes presented by patients receiving this type of treatment, using PRISMA methodology. In the SCOPUS, CLARIVATE, SCIENCE DIRECT and PUBMED databases, selecting cross-sectional, retrospective studies and randomized clinical trials, with antidepressants, anticonvulsants and antipsychotics, we found a total of 64 studies, which show that the family of drugs that generate the greatest risk and/or metabolic alterations are antidepressants, amitriptyline, Imipramine and clomipramine, which most frequently cause weight gain, constipation and cardiovascular effects. The SSRI antidepressants Fluoxetine, Sertraline, Citalopram, Escitalopram, Paroxetine present a high prevalence of gastrointestinal and cardiac alterations. The anticonvulsants valproic acid and Fosphenytoin generate adverse reactions such as weight gain, appetite and sleep alteration. Antipsychotics such as Clozapine, Olanzapine, Risperidone, generate weight gain, diabetes, deterioration of the lipid profile. It is concluded that the metabolic changes caused by psychopharmacological medication vary according to the age of the subjects, for this reason, the monitoring of adverse effects should be carried out constantly, and it is pertinent to carry out field studies that expand information related to the other most frequently prescribed psychotropic drugs.
Psychopharmacological treatment of psychopathological disorders can lead to metabolic alterations that influence the physical health and quality of life of patients. The aim of this review was to identify the metabolic changes presented by patients receiving this type of treatment, using PRISMA methodology. In the SCOPUS, CLARIVATE, SCIENCE DIRECT and PUBMED databases, selecting cross-sectional, retrospective studies and randomized clinical trials, with antidepressants, anticonvulsants and antipsychotics, we found a total of 64 studies, which show that the family of drugs that generate the greatest risk and/or metabolic alterations are antidepressants, amitriptyline, Imipramine and clomipramine, which most frequently cause weight gain, constipation and cardiovascular effects. The SSRI antidepressants Fluoxetine, Sertraline, Citalopram, Escitalopram, Paroxetine present a high prevalence of gastrointestinal and cardiac alterations. The anticonvulsants valproic acid and Fosphenytoin generate adverse reactions such as weight gain, appetite and sleep alteration. Antipsychotics such as Clozapine, Olanzapine, Risperidone, generate weight gain, diabetes, deterioration of the lipid profile. It is concluded that the metabolic changes caused by psychopharmacological medication vary according to the age of the subjects, for this reason, the monitoring of adverse effects should be carried out constantly, and it is pertinent to carry out field studies that expand information related to the other most frequently prescribed psychotropic drugs.
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Metabolismo, Tratamiento psicofarmacológico, Antidepresivos, Anticonvulsivos, Antipsicóticos, Metabolism, Psychopharmacological treatment, Antidepressants, Anticonvulsants, Antipsychotics
