Incidencia de la discrecionalidad administrativa en proyectos de contratación pública con respecto de las licitaciones públicas en Colombia
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Fecha
2024
Autores
Ortega Ortiz, Carmen Alexandra
Villarraga Cardona, Cielo Katherine
Yanet Rodríguez, María Juliana
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Editor
Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas Y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas Y Sociales
Resumen
Las decisiones administrativas en Colombia son cruciales pues impactan la igualdad y deben ajustarse a la ley y a circunstancias específicas, dichas decisiones se rigen por el ordenamiento jurídico existente, mediante leyes o decretos de naturaleza regulatoria, por ende, las decisiones se materializan en preceptos legales, sin embargo, en algunos casos, la administración pública cuenta con determinada autonomía para la toma decisiones, esto se conoce bajo el concepto de discrecionalidad administrativa.
La discrecionalidad administrativa permite a las entidades públicas adaptarse a situaciones cambiantes, al otorgarles un margen de decisión no estrictamente regulado por la ley. Esto busca equilibrar la rigidez normativa con la flexibilidad necesaria para una gestión eficiente.
En el ámbito de la contratación pública, la discrecionalidad administrativa se manifiesta principalmente en la elaboración de los pliegos de condiciones y en la selección de los contratistas. Los pliegos de condiciones son documentos reglados que establecen los requisitos y criterios para la adjudicación de contratos públicos, pero dentro de estos documentos existen márgenes de discrecionalidad que permite a la administración adaptar los requisitos a las necesidades específicas del contrato y del interés público.
Uno de los puntos más sensibles de la discrecionalidad administrativa en la contratación pública es la determinación de los requisitos habilitantes y los factores de evaluación. La Ley 1150 de 2007 otorga a cada entidad la responsabilidad de seleccionar qué requisitos verificar y evaluar en los procesos de contratación. Esto implica que la administración tiene la capacidad de definir los criterios que se utilizarán para seleccionar al contratista, siempre dentro del marco de los principios de igualdad, transparencia y objetividad.
El Estatuto General de la Contratación Pública otorga a la administración la flexibilidad de fijar condiciones o reglas propias al formular los contratos en licitaciones públicas, ampliando así el margen de discrecionalidad.
El presente estudio tiene como objetivo realizar un análisis jurídico crítico de la forma en que las autoridades administrativas en Colombia han vulnerado el principio de economía en las licitaciones públicas. Por consiguiente, para demostrar esta postura, se explicarán las competencias en materia de contratación pública de las autoridades administrativas, a partir de la regulación vigente, seguidamente se analizarán los alcances de la discrecionalidad administrativa en Colombia, conforme a la contratación pública; finalmente se demostrará que la licitación pública en Colombia genera restricciones con consecuencias jurídicas negativas que afecta la pluralidad de oferentes.
La investigación se desarrollará a través de un enfoque crítico y analítico, tomando como base la normatividad vigente, la jurisprudencia relevante, y los estudios académicos en la materia, logrando con ello, contribuir al debate jurídico sobre la discrecionalidad y su impacto en la contratación pública en Colombia.
En conclusión, la discrecionalidad administrativa en la contratación pública es una herramienta necesaria para que la administración pueda adaptar sus decisiones a las circunstancias específicas de cada caso. Sin embargo, es fundamental que se ejerza dentro de los límites establecidos por la ley y los principios de la función pública, garantizando así la transparencia, la objetividad y la equidad en los procesos de contratación.
Administrative decisions in Colombia are crucial as they impact equality and must comply with the law and specific circumstances. These decisions are governed by the existing legal framework, through laws or regulatory decrees; therefore, decisions are materialized in legal precepts. However, in some cases, the public administration has certain autonomy in decision-making, which is known as administrative discretion. Administrative discretion allows public entities to adapt to changing situations by granting them a margin of decision not strictly regulated by law. This seeks to balance the rigidity of the norm with the flexibility necessary for efficient management. In the field of public procurement, administrative discretion is mainly manifested in the preparation of tender documents and the selection of contractors. Tender documents are regulated documents that establish the requirements and criteria for the award of public contracts, but within these documents, there are margins of discretion that allow the administration to adapt the requirements to the specific needs of the contract and the public interest. One of the most sensitive points of administrative discretion in public procurement is the determination of qualifying requirements and evaluation factors. Law 1150 of 2007 grants each entity the responsibility of selecting which requirements to verify and evaluate in procurement processes. This implies that the administration has the capacity to define the criteria that will be used to select the contractor, always within the framework of the principles of equality, transparency, and objectivity. The General Statute of Public Contracting grants the administration the flexibility to set its own conditions or rules when formulating contracts in public tenders, thus expanding the margin of discretion. This study aims to conduct a critical legal analysis of how administrative authorities in Colombia have violated the principle of economy in public tenders. Therefore, to demonstrate this position, the competencies in public procurement of administrative authorities will be explained, based on the current regulations, followed by an analysis of the scope of administrative discretion in Colombia, in accordance with public procurement; finally, it will be demonstrated that public tenders in Colombia generate restrictions with negative legal consequences that affect the plurality of bidders. The research will be developed through a critical and analytical approach, taking as a basis the current regulations, relevant jurisprudence, and academic studies on the matter, thus contributing to the legal debate on discretion and its impact on public procurement in Colombia. In conclusion, administrative discretion in public procurement is a necessary tool for the administration to adapt its decisions to the specific circumstances of each case. However, it is essential that it is exercised within the limits established by law and the principles of public service, thus guaranteeing transparency, objectivity, and fairness in procurement processes.
Administrative decisions in Colombia are crucial as they impact equality and must comply with the law and specific circumstances. These decisions are governed by the existing legal framework, through laws or regulatory decrees; therefore, decisions are materialized in legal precepts. However, in some cases, the public administration has certain autonomy in decision-making, which is known as administrative discretion. Administrative discretion allows public entities to adapt to changing situations by granting them a margin of decision not strictly regulated by law. This seeks to balance the rigidity of the norm with the flexibility necessary for efficient management. In the field of public procurement, administrative discretion is mainly manifested in the preparation of tender documents and the selection of contractors. Tender documents are regulated documents that establish the requirements and criteria for the award of public contracts, but within these documents, there are margins of discretion that allow the administration to adapt the requirements to the specific needs of the contract and the public interest. One of the most sensitive points of administrative discretion in public procurement is the determination of qualifying requirements and evaluation factors. Law 1150 of 2007 grants each entity the responsibility of selecting which requirements to verify and evaluate in procurement processes. This implies that the administration has the capacity to define the criteria that will be used to select the contractor, always within the framework of the principles of equality, transparency, and objectivity. The General Statute of Public Contracting grants the administration the flexibility to set its own conditions or rules when formulating contracts in public tenders, thus expanding the margin of discretion. This study aims to conduct a critical legal analysis of how administrative authorities in Colombia have violated the principle of economy in public tenders. Therefore, to demonstrate this position, the competencies in public procurement of administrative authorities will be explained, based on the current regulations, followed by an analysis of the scope of administrative discretion in Colombia, in accordance with public procurement; finally, it will be demonstrated that public tenders in Colombia generate restrictions with negative legal consequences that affect the plurality of bidders. The research will be developed through a critical and analytical approach, taking as a basis the current regulations, relevant jurisprudence, and academic studies on the matter, thus contributing to the legal debate on discretion and its impact on public procurement in Colombia. In conclusion, administrative discretion in public procurement is a necessary tool for the administration to adapt its decisions to the specific circumstances of each case. However, it is essential that it is exercised within the limits established by law and the principles of public service, thus guaranteeing transparency, objectivity, and fairness in procurement processes.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Discrecionalidad administrativa, Contratación pública, Licitaciones públicas, Principio de economía, Autoridades administrativas, Análisis jurídico
