Evaluación del MoCA-B para la detección de riesgo de trastorno neurocognitivo en la enfermedad mental salud mental
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Fecha
2024
Autores
Casalet Casalet, Itati Mishelle
Navarro Sobrino, Shirly Jhojanna
Palacio, Yadis Alexandra
Pantoja Borja, Jeinny Luzett
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
El trabajo aborda la evaluación del MoCA-B para detectar el riesgo de trastorno neurocognitivo en personas con enfermedades mentales. El problema de los trastornos mentales, definidos como alteraciones significativas en el estado cognitivo, regulación emocional o comportamiento, es explorado en relación con la influencia de la familia y la sociedad, así como el impacto de las tradiciones y significados culturales en la respuesta ante la enfermedad mental.
El estudio utiliza el MoCA-B, una adaptación del Montreal Cognitive Assessment, que evalúa el deterioro cognitivo en personas con bajo nivel de escolaridad. Este instrumento, compuesto por 30 ítems, pondera habilidades visoespaciales, memoria, atención, lenguaje y orientación, entre otros. La elección del MoCA-B se justifica por su capacidad para detectar cambios cognitivos tempranos y no requerir un nivel educativo específico para su aplicación.
La investigación incluyó a 489 participantes divididos en dos grupos: 288 con enfermedades mentales (grupo de casos) y 201 sin ellas (grupo de controles). Los criterios de inclusión abarcaban edades de 18 a 65 años y cualquier estrato socioeconómico, excluyendo a aquellos con trastornos neurológicos comórbidos o enfermedades médicas graves.
El estudio se propone comparar el rendimiento en el MoCA-B entre ambos grupos para identificar diferencias en el riesgo de alteración neurocognitiva. La utilidad del MoCA-B se evalúa en términos de su capacidad para diferenciar entre estos grupos y detectar riesgos tempranos de deterioro cognitivo.
Además del MoCA-B, se mencionan otras herramientas de evaluación cognitiva como el Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) y el Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE). Aunque el MMSE es ampliamente utilizado para detectar deterioro cognitivo, presenta limitaciones significativas, especialmente en personas con demencia avanzada y en contextos culturales diversos. El ACE, desarrollado para superar algunas de estas limitaciones, evalúa dominios como la memoria, funciones ejecutivas y habilidades visoespaciales, y ha demostrado ser útil en la detección de diferentes tipos de demencia
This work discusses the evaluation of the MoCA-B for detecting the risk of neurocognitive disorders in individuals with mental illnesses. Mental disorders, defined as significant alterations in cognitive state, emotional regulation, or behavior, are explored in relation to family and societal influences, as well as the impact of cultural traditions and meanings on responses to mental illness. The study employs the MoCA-B, an adaptation of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, which assesses cognitive impairment in people with low levels of education. This instrument, consisting of 30 items, evaluates visuospatial abilities, memory, attention, language, and orientation, among other cognitive functions. The choice of the MoCA-B is justified by its ability to detect early cognitive changes and its applicability regardless of educational level. The research included 489 participants divided into two groups: 288 with mental illnesses (case group) and 201 without them (control group). Inclusion criteria covered ages 18 to 65 years and any socioeconomic status, excluding those with comorbid neurological disorders or severe medical conditions. The study aims to compare MoCA-B performance between the two groups to identify differences in the risk of neurocognitive impairment. The utility of the MoCA-B is assessed in terms of its ability to differentiate between these groups and detect early risks of cognitive deterioration. In addition to the MoCA-B, other cognitive assessment tools such as the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE) are mentioned. Although the MMSE is widely used to detect cognitive impairment, it has significant limitations, especially in advanced dementia and diverse cultural contexts. The ACE, developed to overcome some of these limitations, evaluates domains such as memory, executive functions, and visuospatial skills, and has proven useful in detecting different types of dementia.
This work discusses the evaluation of the MoCA-B for detecting the risk of neurocognitive disorders in individuals with mental illnesses. Mental disorders, defined as significant alterations in cognitive state, emotional regulation, or behavior, are explored in relation to family and societal influences, as well as the impact of cultural traditions and meanings on responses to mental illness. The study employs the MoCA-B, an adaptation of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, which assesses cognitive impairment in people with low levels of education. This instrument, consisting of 30 items, evaluates visuospatial abilities, memory, attention, language, and orientation, among other cognitive functions. The choice of the MoCA-B is justified by its ability to detect early cognitive changes and its applicability regardless of educational level. The research included 489 participants divided into two groups: 288 with mental illnesses (case group) and 201 without them (control group). Inclusion criteria covered ages 18 to 65 years and any socioeconomic status, excluding those with comorbid neurological disorders or severe medical conditions. The study aims to compare MoCA-B performance between the two groups to identify differences in the risk of neurocognitive impairment. The utility of the MoCA-B is assessed in terms of its ability to differentiate between these groups and detect early risks of cognitive deterioration. In addition to the MoCA-B, other cognitive assessment tools such as the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE) are mentioned. Although the MMSE is widely used to detect cognitive impairment, it has significant limitations, especially in advanced dementia and diverse cultural contexts. The ACE, developed to overcome some of these limitations, evaluates domains such as memory, executive functions, and visuospatial skills, and has proven useful in detecting different types of dementia.
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Palabras clave
Deterioro neurocognitivo, Enfermedad mental, Evaluación cognitiva
