Genética de la conservación de Avicennia germinans (mangle negro) en el Caribe Colombiano: Revisión de estudios y protocolos genéticos
No hay miniatura disponible
Fecha
2025
Autores
Ortega Santiago, Joyce Kareen
Torres Peñate, Mateo
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas
Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas
Resumen
El mangle negro (Avicennia germinans) es una especie clave dentro de los ecosistemas de manglar, destacada por su alta tolerancia a la salinidad, su capacidad de colonizar ambientes costeros extremos y su rol fundamental en la estabilidad ecológica de las zonas intermareales. En el Caribe colombiano, esta especie se enfrenta a múltiples amenazas que comprometen su permanencia, entre ellas la fragmentación del hábitat, la contaminación, el cambio en el régimen hídrico, la deforestación y la creciente presión antrópica. Pese a su importancia ecológica y su distribución amplia a lo largo de las costas tropicales del continente americano y África occidental, los estudios genéticos enfocados en las poblaciones colombianas siguen siendo limitados y dispersos. Esta tesis de revisión analiza el estado del conocimiento en torno a la diversidad genética, estructura poblacional y avances genómicos de Avicennia germinans, con énfasis en estudios realizados en Colombia, México, Brasil, y otras regiones del Neotrópico. Se examinan los principales métodos empleados, como el uso de marcadores moleculares tipo microsatélites (SSRs), secuencias de ADN cloroplastídico (cpDNA), y herramientas genómicas modernas como la ddRAD-seq. Estos métodos han permitido identificar patrones de diversidad genética baja en algunas poblaciones, altos niveles de endogamia, fragmentación genética, así como evidencia de hibridación y eventos de introgresión con especies cercanas como Avicennia schaueriana.
The black mangrove (Avicennia germinans) is a keystone species within mangrove ecosystems, known for its high salinity tolerance, ability to colonize extreme coastal environments, and its fundamental role in maintaining ecological stability in intertidal zones. In the Colombian Caribbean, this species faces multiple threats that jeopardize its persistence, including habitat fragmentation, pollution, hydrological regime alterations, deforestation, and increasing anthropogenic pressure. Despite its ecological importance and wide distribution along the tropical coasts of the Americas and West Africa, genetic studies focused on Colombian populations remain scarce and scattered. This review thesis analyzes the current state of knowledge regarding the genetic diversity, population structure, and genomic advances of Avicennia germinans, with emphasis on studies conducted in Colombia, Mexico, Brazil, and other Neotropical regions. The main methods used are examined, including molecular markers such as microsatellites (SSRs), chloroplast DNA sequences (cpDNA), and modern genomic tools like ddRAD-seq. These approaches have revealed patterns of low genetic diversity in certain populations, high levels of inbreeding, genetic fragmentation, as well as evidence of hybridization and ancient introgression with related species such as Avicennia schaueriana.
The black mangrove (Avicennia germinans) is a keystone species within mangrove ecosystems, known for its high salinity tolerance, ability to colonize extreme coastal environments, and its fundamental role in maintaining ecological stability in intertidal zones. In the Colombian Caribbean, this species faces multiple threats that jeopardize its persistence, including habitat fragmentation, pollution, hydrological regime alterations, deforestation, and increasing anthropogenic pressure. Despite its ecological importance and wide distribution along the tropical coasts of the Americas and West Africa, genetic studies focused on Colombian populations remain scarce and scattered. This review thesis analyzes the current state of knowledge regarding the genetic diversity, population structure, and genomic advances of Avicennia germinans, with emphasis on studies conducted in Colombia, Mexico, Brazil, and other Neotropical regions. The main methods used are examined, including molecular markers such as microsatellites (SSRs), chloroplast DNA sequences (cpDNA), and modern genomic tools like ddRAD-seq. These approaches have revealed patterns of low genetic diversity in certain populations, high levels of inbreeding, genetic fragmentation, as well as evidence of hybridization and ancient introgression with related species such as Avicennia schaueriana.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Avicennia germinans, Conservación genética, Diversidad poblacional, Biología molecular, Manglares del Caribe Colombiano, Microsatelites, Marcadores moleculares
