Sobreinfección bacteriana y fúngica en pacientes admitidos con neumonía por Sars-Cov-2 en una unidad de cuidados intensivos de Barranquilla Colombia durante el año 2020

datacite.rightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_16ec
dc.contributor.advisorFernández Chica, Dinno Alberto
dc.contributor.advisorGuevara Romero, Edwin
dc.contributor.authorSolano Sopo, Gustavo Andrés
dc.contributor.authorGonzález Molina, Fredy Enrique
dc.date.accessioned2022-10-07T19:25:17Z
dc.date.available2022-10-07T19:25:17Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.description.abstractLa sobreinfección bacteriana y fúngica en adultos con COVID-19 en cuidado critico es poco conocida. La evidencia reporta que son un factor de riesgo importante para resultados adversos de la COVID-19, que impacta en mortalidad y la eficiencia de atención en salud. Objetivos: Determinar la existencia de sobreinfección bacteriana y fúngica en pacientes admitidos con neumonía por SARS-CoV-2 hospitalizados en una unidad de cuidados intensivos de Barranquilla, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Se utilizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, cuantitativo de corte transversal. La población estuvo constituida con pacientes admitidos por neumonía con SARS-CoV-2 en una unidad de cuidados intensivos de Barranquilla, Colombia, desde el 14 de abril del 2020 al 31 de diciembre del 2020. Se revisaron los registros clínicos y microbiológicos. Las muestras de cultivos fueron tomadas previo al inicio de terapia antibiótica o durante las primeras 48 horas después de su inicio o antes de cumplir 48 horas de estancia en cuidados intensivos. Resultados: Se recolectaron 167 pacientes, de los cuales el 36.5% (n=61) presentaban aislamientos positivos en alguno de los cultivos analizados. En el análisis univariado el requerimiento de ventilación mecánica, estancia hospitalaria prolongada y el uso de claritromicina presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Conclusiones: La frecuencia de sobreinfección bacteriana y fúngica fue baja, sin embargo, en el uso de terapia antimicrobiana empírica fue alta. La vigilancia del consumo y uso de antimicrobianos puede ser de ayuda para identificar el uso inapropiado y el perfil de susceptibilidad localspa
dc.description.abstractBacterial and fungal superinfection in adults with COVID-19 in critical care is poorly understood. The evidence reports that they are an important risk factor for adverse outcomes of COVID-19, which impacts mortality and the efficiency of health care. Objectives: To determine the existence of bacterial and fungal superinfection in patients admitted with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia hospitalized in an intensive care unit in Barranquilla, Colombia. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, retrospective, quantitative cross-sectional study was used. The population consisted of patients admitted for confirmed SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in an intensive care unit in Barranquilla, Colombia, from April 14, 2020 to December 31, 2020. Clinical and microbiological records were reviewed. Culture samples were taken prior to the start of antibiotic therapy, during the first 48 hours after its initiation or before completing 48 hours of stay in intensive care Results: 167 patients were collected, of which 36.5% (n=61) had positive isolates in any of the cultures analyzed. In the univariate analysis, the requirement for mechanical ventilation, prolonged hospital stay and the use of clarithromycin presented statistically significant differences. Conclusions: The frequency of bacterial and fungal superinfection was low, however, in the use of empiric antimicrobial therapy it was high. Surveillance of antimicrobial consumption and use can be helpful in identifying inappropriate use and the local susceptibility profileeng
dc.format.mimetypepdf
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12442/11182
dc.language.isospa
dc.publisherEdiciones Universidad Simón Bolívarspa
dc.publisherFacultad de Ciencias de la Saludspa
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacionaleng
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccessspa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subjectCuidados intensivosspa
dc.subjectCOVID-19spa
dc.subjectSobreinfecciónspa
dc.subjectNeumonía gravespa
dc.subjectAntibióticosspa
dc.subjectIntensive careeng
dc.subjectSuperinfectioneng
dc.subjectSevere pneumoniaeng
dc.subjectAntibioticseng
dc.titleSobreinfección bacteriana y fúngica en pacientes admitidos con neumonía por Sars-Cov-2 en una unidad de cuidados intensivos de Barranquilla Colombia durante el año 2020spa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/other
dc.type.spaOtros
dcterms.referencesDouthit BJ. The influence of the learning health system to address the COVID‐19 pandemic: An examination of early literature. Int J Health Plann Manage [Internet]. 2021 Mar 26;36(2):244–51. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.3088eng
dcterms.referencesNebreda-Mayoral T, Miguel-Gómez MA, March-Rosselló GA, Puente-Fuertes L, Cantón-Benito E, Martínez-García AM, et al. Infección bacteriana/fúngica en pacientes con COVID-19 ingresados en un hospital de tercer nivel de Castilla y León, España. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin [Internet]. 2020 Dec; Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eimc.2020.11.003spa
dcterms.referencesDong E, Du H, Gardner L. An interactive web-based dashboard to track COVID-19 in real time. Lancet Infect Dis [Internet]. 2020 May;20(5):533–4. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30120-1eng
dcterms.referencesYap FHY, Gomersall CD, Fung KSC, Ho P-L, Ho O-M, Lam PKN, et al. Increase in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Acquisition Rate and Change in Pathogen Pattern Associated with an Outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. Clin Infect Dis [Internet]. 2004 Aug 15;39(4):511–6. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1086/422641eng
dcterms.referencesBengoechea JA, Bamford CG. SARS-CoV-2, bacterial co-infections, and AMR: the deadly trio in COVID-19? EMBO Mol Med [Internet]. 2020 Jul 7;12(7). Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.15252/emmm.202012560eng
dcterms.referencesLamers MM, Beumer J, van der Vaart J, Knoops K, Puschhof J, Breugem TI, et al. SARS-CoV-2 productively infects human gut enterocytes. Science (80- ) [Internet]. 2020 Jul 3;369(6499):50–4. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abc1669eng
dcterms.referencesZhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet [Internet]. 2020 Mar;395(10229):1054–62. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3eng
dcterms.referencesDocherty AB, Harrison EM, Green CA, Hardwick HE, Pius R, Norman L, et al. Features of 20 133 UK patients in hospital with covid-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol: prospective observational cohort study. BMJ [Internet]. 2020 May 22;m1985. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m1985eng
dcterms.referencesGarcia-Vidal C, Sanjuan G, Moreno-García E, Puerta-Alcalde P, Garcia-Pouton N, Chumbita M, et al. Incidence of co-infections and superinfections in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study. Clin Microbiol Infect [Internet]. 2021 Jan;27(1):83–8. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2020.07.041eng
dcterms.referencesHuttner BD, Catho G, Pano-Pardo JR, Pulcini C, Schouten J. COVID-19: don’t neglect antimicrobial stewardship principles! Clin Microbiol Infect [Internet]. 2020 Jul;26(7):808–10. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2020.04.024eng
dcterms.referencesChen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet [Internet]. 2020 Feb;395(10223):507–13. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7eng
dcterms.referencesZhou P, Yang X-L, Wang X-G, Hu B, Zhang L, Zhang W, et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature [Internet]. 2020 Mar 12;579(7798):270–3. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7eng
dcterms.referencesAguilera Calzadilla Y, Díaz Morales Y, Ramos Suzarte M. Infecciones bacterianas y fúngicas asociadas a la COVID-19. Medicentro Electrónica [Internet]. 2021;25(2). Available from: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1029-30432021000200315spa
dcterms.referencesYang X, Yu Y, Xu J, Shu H, Xia J, Liu H, et al. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. Lancet Respir Med [Internet]. 2020 May;8(5):475–81. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30079-5eng
dcterms.referencesLv Z, Cheng S, Le J, Huang J, Feng L, Zhang B, et al. Clinical characteristics and co-infections of 354 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Microbes Infect [Internet]. 2020 May;22(4–5):195–9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micinf.2020.05.007eng
dcterms.referencesRawson TM, Moore LSP, Zhu N, Ranganathan N, Skolimowska K, Gilchrist M, et al. Bacterial and Fungal Coinfection in Individuals With Coronavirus: A Rapid Review To Support COVID-19 Antimicrobial Prescribing. Clin Infect Dis [Internet]. 2020 May 2; Available from: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa530eng
dcterms.referencesLansbury L, Lim B, Baskaran V, Lim WS. Co-infections in people with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect [Internet]. 2020 Aug;81(2):266–75. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.046eng
dcterms.referencesBerenguer J, Ryan P, Rodríguez-Baño J, Jarrín I, Carratalà J, Pachón J, et al. Characteristics and predictors of death among 4035 consecutively hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Spain. Clin Microbiol Infect [Internet]. 2020 Nov;26(11):1525–36. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2020.07.024eng
dcterms.referencesLangford BJ, So M, Raybardhan S, Leung V, Westwood D, MacFadden DR, et al. Bacterial co-infection and secondary infection in patients with COVID-19: a living rapid review and meta-analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect [Internet]. 2020 Dec;26(12):1622–9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2020.07.016eng
dcterms.referencesAguilera Calzadilla Y, Díaz Morales Y, Ortiz Díaz L, González Martínez O, Lovelle Enríquez O, Sánchez Álvarez M. Infecciones bacterianas asociadas a la COVID-19 en pacientes de una unidad de cuidados intensivos. Rev Cuba Med Mil [Internet]. 2020;49(3). Available from: http://www.revmedmilitar.sld.cu/index.php/mil/article/view/793/539spa
dcterms.referencesPeña Mejia YG. Infecciones asociadas a la COVID-19 en pacientes hospitalizados. 2021 [Internet]. Universidad Nacional de Colombia; 2022. Available from: https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/80981spa
dcterms.referencesPara O, Caruso L, Ronchetti M, Finocchi M, Guidi S, Spinicci M. Superinfection with difficult-to-treat bacteria in COVID-19 patients: a call for compliance with diagnostic and antimicrobial stewardship. Intern Emerg Med [Internet]. 2021 Apr 22;16(3):789–91. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11739-020-02537-3eng
dcterms.referencesMirzaei R, Goodarzi P, Asadi M, Soltani A, Aljanabi H ali abraham, Jeda AS, et al. Bacterial co-infections with SARSCoV‐2. IUBMB Life [Internet]. 2020 Oct 8;72(10):2097–111. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/iub.2356eng
dcterms.referencesKim D, Quinn J, Pinsky B, Shah NH, Brown I. Rates of Co-infection Between SARS-CoV-2 and Other Respiratory Pathogens. JAMA [Internet]. 2020 May 26;323(20):2085. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.6266eng
dcterms.referencesCataldo MA, Tetaj N, Selleri M, Marchioni L, Capone A, Caraffa E, et al. Incidence of bacterial and fungal bloodstream infections in COVID-19 patients in intensive care: An alarming “collateral effect.” J Glob Antimicrob Resist [Internet]. 2020 Dec;23:290–1. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jgar.2020.10.004eng
dcterms.referencesBenmalek R, Mechal H, Choukrallah H, Maaroufi A, Benouna EG, Habbal R, et al. Bacterial co-infections and superinfections in COVID-19: a case report of right heart infective endocarditis and literature review. Pan Afr Med J [Internet]. 2020 May 20;35(Supp 2). Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.supp.2020.35.2.23577eng
dcterms.referencesRodriguez-Morales AJ, Bonilla-Aldana DK, Tiwari R, Sah R, Rabaan AA, Dhama K. COVID-19, an Emerging Coronavirus Infection: Current Scenario and Recent Developments – An Overview. J Pure Appl Microbiol [Internet]. 2020 Mar 31;14(1):05–12. Available from: https://doi.org/10.22207/JPAM.14.1.02eng
dcterms.referencesVega Rivero JA, Ruvalcaba Ledezma JC, Hernández Pacheco I, Acuña Gurrola M del R, López Pontigo L. La Salud de las Personas Adultas Mayores durante la Pandemia de COVID-19. Jonnpr [Internet]. 2020;5(7):669–765. Available from: https://doi.org/10.19230/jonnpr.3772spa
dcterms.referencesYe Z-W, Yuan S, Yuen K-S, Fung S-Y, Chan C-P, Jin D-Y. Zoonotic origins of human coronaviruses. Int J Biol Sci [Internet]. 2020;16(10):1686–97. Available from: https://doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.45472eng
dcterms.referencesSun K, Chen J, Viboud C. Early epidemiological analysis of the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak based on crowdsourced data: a population-level observational study. Lancet Digit Heal [Internet]. 2020 Apr;2(4):e201–8. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2589-7500(20)30026-1eng
dcterms.referencesYi C, Sun X, Ye J, Ding L, Liu M, Yang Z, et al. Key residues of the receptor binding motif in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 that interact with ACE2 and neutralizing antibodies. Cell Mol Immunol [Internet]. 2020 Jun 15;17(6):621–30. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41423-020-0458-zeng
dcterms.referencesPeghin M, Vena A, Graziano E, Giacobbe DR, Tascini C, Bassetti M. Improving management and antimicrobial stewardship for bacterial and fungal infections in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Ther Adv Infect Dis [Internet]. 2022 Jan 14;9:204993612210957. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/20499361221095732eng
dcterms.referencesWang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, et al. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA [Internet]. 2020 Mar 17;323(11):1061. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.1585eng
dcterms.referencesElabbadi A, Turpin M, Gerotziafas GT, Teulier M, Voiriot G, Fartoukh M. Bacterial coinfection in critically ill COVID-19 patients with severe pneumonia. Infection [Internet]. 2021 Jun 3;49(3):559–62. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-020-01553-xeng
dcterms.referencesBazaid AS, Barnawi H, Qanash H, Alsaif G, Aldarhami A, Gattan H, et al. Bacterial Coinfection and Antibiotic Resistance Profiles among Hospitalised COVID-19 Patients. Microorganisms [Internet]. 2022 Feb 23;10(3):495. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10030495eng
dcterms.referencesSilva DL, Lima CM, Magalhães VCR, Baltazar LM, Peres NTA, Caligiorne RB, et al. Fungal and bacterial coinfections increase mortality of severely ill COVID-19 patients. J Hosp Infect [Internet]. 2021 Jul;113:145–54. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2021.04.001eng
dcterms.referencesAlgarín-Lara H, Guevara-Romero E, Osorio-Rodríguez E, Patiño-Patiño J, Flórez García V, Tuesca R de J, et al. Factores relacionados con la neumonía bacteriana en pacientes con COVID-19 en una unidad de cuidados intensivos de Barranquilla, Colombia. Acta Colomb Cuid Intensivo [Internet]. 2022 Jun;22:S28–35. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acci.2021.07.002spa
dcterms.referencesSoltani S, Zandi M, Faramarzi S, Shahbahrami R, Vali M, Rezayat SA, et al. Worldwide prevalence of fungal coinfections among COVID-19 patients: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. Osong Public Heal Res Perspect [Internet]. 2022 Feb 28;13(1):15–23. Available from: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0293eng
dcterms.referencesCasalini G, Giacomelli A, Ridolfo A, Gervasoni C, Antinori S. Invasive Fungal Infections Complicating COVID-19: A Narrative Review. J Fungi [Internet]. 2021 Oct 29;7(11):921. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7110921eng
dcterms.referencesGonzález Mendoza J, Maguiña Vargas C, González Ponce F de M. La resistencia a los antibióticos: un problema muy serio. Acta Médica Peru [Internet]. 2019;36(2):145–51. Available from: http://www.scielo.org.pe/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1728-59172019000200011&lng=es&tlng=esspa
dcterms.referencesSaavedra Trujillo CH. SECCION II. Definiciones operativas de casos de infección por SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19. Infectio [Internet]. 2021;25(4):10–39. Available from: http://revistainfectio.org/index.php/infectio/article/view/972/1114spa
dcterms.referencesZhang H, Zhang Y, Wu J, Li Y, Zhou X, Li X, et al. Risks and features of secondary infections in severe and critical ill COVID-19 patients. Emerg Microbes Infect [Internet]. 2020 Jan 1;9(1):1958–64. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2020.1812437eng
dcterms.referencesMoya‐Salazar J, Sauñe SS, Valer R, Salazar‐Hernandez R, Loza W, Suxe E, et al. Fungal, parasitological, and bacterial coinfection in a severely ill COVID‐19 patient in Peru. Clin Case Reports [Internet]. 2022 Feb 18;10(2). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/ccr3.5395eng
dcterms.referencesRamzan K, Shafiq S, Raees I, Mustafa ZU, Salman M, Khan AH, et al. Co-Infections, Secondary Infections, and Antimicrobial Use in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19 during the First Five Waves of the Pandemic in Pakistan; Findings and Implications. Antibiotics [Internet]. 2022 Jun 9;11(6):789. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11060789eng
dcterms.referencesAhmed N, Mahmood MS, Ullah MA, Araf Y, Rahaman TI, Moin AT, et al. COVID-19-Associated Candidiasis: Possible Patho-Mechanism, Predisposing Factors, and Prevention Strategies. Curr Microbiol [Internet]. 2022 May 14;79(5):127. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-022-02824-6eng
dcterms.referencesChen G, Wu D, Guo W, Cao Y, Huang D, Wang H, et al. Clinical and immunological features of severe and moderate coronavirus disease 2019. J Clin Invest [Internet]. 2020 Apr 13;130(5):2620–9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI137244eng
dcterms.referencesMerad M, Martin JC. Pathological inflammation in patients with COVID-19: a key role for monocytes and macrophages. Nat Rev Immunol [Internet]. 2020 Jun 17;20(6):355–62. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-020-0331-4eng
dcterms.referencesPemán J, Ruiz-Gaitán A, García-Vidal C, Salavert M, Ramírez P, Puchades F, et al. Fungal co-infection in COVID-19 patients: Should we be concerned? Rev Iberoam Micol [Internet]. 2020 Apr;37(2):41–6. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riam.2020.07.001eng
dcterms.referencesGoncalves Mendes Neto A, Lo KB, Wattoo A, Salacup G, Pelayo J, DeJoy R, et al. Bacterial infections and patterns of antibiotic use in patients with COVID‐19. J Med Virol [Internet]. 2021 Mar 28;93(3):1489–95. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26441eng
dcterms.referencesAlgarín-Lara H, Rudas Moscarella JM, Aldana-Roa J, Patiño-Patiño J, Sajona-Nieves E, Aldana-Roa M, et al. Sobrerinfección por Stenotrophomonas maltophilia en pacientes con COVID-19 críticamente enfermos. Análisis de una serie de casos. Acta Colomb Cuid Intensivo [Internet]. 2022 Jun;22:S138–42. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acci.2021.08.001spa
dcterms.referencesFattorini L, Creti R, Palma C, Pantosti A. Bacterial coinfections in COVID-19: an underestimated adversary. Ann Ist Super Sanita [Internet]. 2020;56(3):359–64. Available from: https://doi.org/10.4415/ANN_20_03_14eng
dcterms.referencesArteaga-Livias K, Pinzas-Acosta K, Perez-Abad L, Panduro-Correa V, Rabaan AA, Pecho-Silva S, et al. A multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae outbreak in a Peruvian hospital: Another threat from the COVID-19 pandemic. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol [Internet]. 2022 Feb 5;43(2):267–8. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.1401eng
dcterms.referencesAlqahtani A, Alamer E, Mir M, Alasmari A, Alshahrani MM, Asiri M, et al. Bacterial Coinfections Increase Mortality of Severely Ill COVID-19 Patients in Saudi Arabia. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2022 Feb 19;19(4):2424. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042424eng
dcterms.referencesHuang B, Ling R, Cheng Y, Wen J, Dai Y, Huang W, et al. Characteristics of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 and related Therapeutic Options. Mol Ther - Methods Clin Dev [Internet]. 2020 Sep;18:367–75. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omtm.2020.06.013eng
dcterms.referencesDinnes J, Deeks JJ, Adriano A, Berhane S, Davenport C, Dittrich S, et al. Rapid, point-of-care antigen and molecular-based tests for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev [Internet]. 2020 Aug 26; Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013705eng
dcterms.referencesLanga LS, Sallent LV, Díez SR. Interpretación de las pruebas diagnósticas de la COVID-19. FMC - Form Médica Contin en Atención Primaria [Internet]. 2021 Mar;28(3):167–73. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fmc.2021.01.005spa
dcterms.referencesSethuraman N, Jeremiah SS, Ryo A. Interpreting Diagnostic Tests for SARS-CoV-2. JAMA [Internet]. 2020 Jun 9;323(22):2249. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.8259eng
dcterms.referencesOrganization WH. Clinical care for severe acute respiratory infection: toolkit: COVID-19 adaptation [Internet]. Geneva PP - Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/331736eng
dcterms.referencesMetlay JP, Waterer GW, Long AC, Anzueto A, Brozek J, Crothers K, et al. Diagnosis and Treatment of Adults with Community-acquired Pneumonia. An Official Clinical Practice Guideline of the American Thoracic Society and Infectious Diseases Society of America. Am J Respir Crit Care Med [Internet]. 2019 Oct 1;200(7):e45–67. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201908-1581STeng
dcterms.referencesMoreno-García E, Puerta-Alcalde P, Letona L, Meira F, Dueñas G, Chumbita M, et al. Bacterial co-infection at hospital admission in patients with COVID-19. Int J Infect Dis [Internet]. 2022 May;118:197–202. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2022.03.003eng
dcterms.referencesHughes S, Troise O, Donaldson H, Mughal N, Moore LSP. Bacterial and fungal coinfection among hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study in a UK secondary-care setting. Clin Microbiol Infect [Internet]. 2020 Oct;26(10):1395–9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2020.06.025eng
dcterms.referencesGarcia-Vidal C, Sanjuan G, Moreno-García E, Puerta-Alcalde P, Garcia-Pouton N, Chumbita M, et al. Incidence of co-infections and superinfections in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study. Clin Microbiol Infect [Internet]. 2020 Jul; Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2020.07.041eng
dcterms.referencesSøvik S, Barratt-Due A, Kåsine T, Olasveengen T, Strand MW, Tveita AA, et al. Corticosteroids and superinfections in COVID-19 patients on invasive mechanical ventilation. J Infect [Internet]. 2022 Jul;85(1):57–63. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2022.05.015eng
dcterms.referencesRakiro J, Shah J, Waweru-Siika W, Wanyoike I, Riunga F. Microbial coinfections and superinfections in critical COVID-19: a Kenyan retrospective cohort analysis. IJID Reg [Internet]. 2021 Dec;1:41–6. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijregi.2021.09.008eng
dcterms.referencesAbad CL, Sandejas JCM, Poblete JB, Malundo AFG, Salamat MSS, Alejandria MM. Bacterial Co-infection and Antimicrobial Use Among Patients with COVID-19 Infection in a Referral Center in the Philippines: A Retrospective Cohort Study. IJID Reg [Internet]. 2022 Jul; Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.07.003eng
dcterms.referencesSaid KB, Alsolami A, Alshammari F, Alreshidi FS, Fathuldeen A, Alrashid F, et al. Selective COVID-19 Coinfections in Diabetic Patients with Concomitant Cardiovascular Comorbidities Are Associated with Increased Mortality. Pathogens [Internet]. 2022 Apr 25;11(5):508. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11050508eng
dcterms.referencesChang C-Y, Chan K-G. Underestimation of co-infections in COVID-19 due to non- discriminatory use of antibiotics. J Infect [Internet]. 2020 Sep;81(3):e29–30. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.077eng
dcterms.referencesTeich VD, Klajner S, Almeida FAS de, Dantas ACB, Laselva CR, Torritesi MG, et al. Epidemiologic and clinical features of patients with COVID-19 in Brazil. Einstein (São Paulo) [Internet]. 2020 Aug 12;18. Available from: https://doi.org/10.31744/einstein_journal/2020AO6022eng
dcterms.referencesBendala Estrada AD, Calderón Parra J, Fernández Carracedo E, Muiño Míguez A, Ramos Martínez A, Muñez Rubio E, et al. Inadequate use of antibiotics in the covid-19 era: effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. BMC Infect Dis [Internet]. 2021 Dec 8;21(1):1144. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-06821-1eng
dcterms.referencesDoubravská L, Htoutou Sedláková M, Fišerová K, Pudová V, Urbánek K, Petrželová J, et al. Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotics and Clonal Spread in COVID-19-Positive Patients on a Tertiary Hospital Intensive Care Unit, Czech Republic. Antibiotics [Internet]. 2022 Jun 8;11(6):783. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11060783eng
dcterms.referencesMin J-Y, Jang YJ. Macrolide Therapy in Respiratory Viral Infections. Mediators Inflamm [Internet]. 2012;2012:1–9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/649570eng
dcterms.referencesLai C-C, Chen S-Y, Ko W-C, Hsueh P-R. Increased antimicrobial resistance during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Antimicrob Agents [Internet]. 2021 Apr;57(4):106324. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2021.106324eng
dcterms.referencesDonà D, Di Chiara C, Sharland M. Multi-drug-resistant infections in the COVID-19 era: a framework for considering the potential impact. J Hosp Infect [Internet]. 2020 Sep;106(1):198–9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2020.05.020eng
dcterms.referencesJolivet S, Lolom I, Bailly S, Bouadma L, Lortat-Jacob B, Montravers P, et al. Impact of colonization pressure on acquisition of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales and meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in two intensive care units: a 19-year retrospective surveillance. J Hosp Infect [Internet]. 2020 May;105(1):10–6. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2020.02.012eng
oaire.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
sb.programaEspecialización en Medicina Crítica y Cuidados Intensivosspa
sb.sedeSede Barranquillaspa

Archivos

Bloque original
Mostrando 1 - 2 de 2
Cargando...
Miniatura
Nombre:
PDF_Resumen.pdf
Tamaño:
215.03 KB
Formato:
Adobe Portable Document Format
No hay miniatura disponible
Nombre:
PDF.pdf
Tamaño:
525.29 KB
Formato:
Adobe Portable Document Format

Colecciones