Sistema web de reporte y atención de riesgos de desastres naturales en el municipio de Los Patios
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Fecha
2023
Autores
Peña Ochoa, Angie Ahychel
Carrillo Lozano, Jorge Andrés
Meza Zapata, Lizeth Andreina
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Resumen
La presente investigación tiene como propósito proporcionar estadísticas y promover la creación de instrumentos digitales que contribuyan a abordar una de las problemáticas ambientales, en este caso, los desastres naturales, exactamente en el municipio de Los Patios; pues son estos una realidad latente que debe ser atendida a la brevedad. Por lo anterior, para esta investigación se planteó el siguiente objetivo general: Proponer un sistema web de reporte y de atención de riesgos de desastres naturales en el municipio de Los Patios, mediante estudio cualitativo evitando la pérdida de vidas y mitigando daños materiales en las zonas de alto riesgo del municipio de Los Patios. De esta forma y para lograr el alcance del objetivo principal descrito, se clasificaron tres objetivos específicos: I) Identificar los fenómenos que representan una amenaza para la población del municipio de Los Patios, a través de revisión documental del plan municipal de gestión del riesgo de desastres mejorando la capacidad de afrontamiento estatal de los mismos. II) Establecer los escenarios de riesgo según el criterio de fenómenos amenazantes, según lo estipulado en el plan municipal de gestión del riesgo de desastres del municipio de Los Patios por medio de revisión de registros, focalizando los recursos en los puntos de mayor impacto social. III) Describir el proceso de levantamiento de información en casos de desastres y emergencias realizado por la secretaria municipal para la gestión del riesgo de desastres por medio observación no participante simplificando el registro de eventos. IV) Proponer la implementación de un sistema web de alerta temprana de riesgos y desastres naturales por medio taller socioeducativo mejorando las herramientas y tiempo de respuesta de los organismos de socorro del Estado en desastres naturales. Para el desarrollo de la investigación, en la fundamentación teórica, se acudió a cinco trabajos de investigación, como antecedentes internacionales, cuatro nacionales y tres locales. Así mismo, para el marco teórico, se usó la Teoría de la Acción Razonada, la cual persigue el propósito de predecir la conducta racional humana; También, Gestión de Riesgos de Desastres, que corresponde a un conjunto de actividades cuyo objetivo es mantener el riesgo por debajo del umbral fijado; finalmente, se empleó la Teoría General de Los Sistemas T.G.S, el cual tiene propósitos para alcanzar metas y globalizar relaciones de causa y efecto. La metodología que se aplicó para esta investigación, tiene un enfoque de tipo cualitativo, exploratorio y transversal, lo cual permitió determinar los diversos factores a tener en cuanta al momento de implementar el sistema web de registro y atención de riesgos y desastres naturales en el municipio de Los Patios, Norte de Santander. De igual forma, el diseño es de tipo fenomenológico, pues busca comprender las reacciones de los ciudadanos como actores sociales antes los riesgos y desastres naturales en el municipio de Los Patios. Con una población objeto de 1.804 personas distribuidas en 334 familias, habitantes del barrio La Sabana del municipio en mención. En esta investigación se aplicaron cuatro instrumentos los cuales sirvieron para recopilar toda la información pilar de la misma, que fueron: I) La Entrevista Semiestructurada. II) La Revisión Documental. III) EL Grupo focal. IV) Observación No Participante. Los resultados de la presente investigación sobre un sistema web de reporte y atención de riesgos de desastre natural en el municipio de Los Patios, Norte de Santander, Colombia, fueron obtenidos por triangulación de técnicas
The purpose of this research is to provide statistics and promote the creation of digital tools that contribute to address one of the environmental problems, in this case, natural disasters, exactly in the municipality of Los Patios; as these are a latent reality that must be addressed as soon as possible. Therefore, for this research the following general objective was proposed: To propose a web system for reporting and attention to natural disaster risks in the municipality of Los Patios, through a qualitative study to avoid the loss of lives and mitigate material damages in high-risk areas of the municipality of Los Patios. In this way and to achieve the scope of the main objective described, three specific objectives were classified: I) To identify the phenomena that represent a threat to the population of the municipality of Los Patios, through a documentary review of the municipal disaster risk management plan, improving the state's capacity to cope with them. II) Establish risk scenarios according to the criteria of threatening phenomena, as stipulated in the municipal disaster risk management plan of the municipality of Los Patios through a review of records, focusing resources on the points of greatest social impact. III) Describe the information gathering process in cases of disasters and emergencies carried out by the municipal secretary for disaster risk management through non-participant observation, simplifying the registration of events. IV) Propose the implementation of a web-based early warning system for risks and natural disasters through a socio-educational workshop to improve the tools and response time of the State's relief agencies in natural disasters. For the development of the research, in the theoretical foundation, five research works were used as international, four national and three local antecedents. Likewise, for the theoretical framework, the Theory of Reasoned Action was used, which pursues the purpose of predicting rational human behavior; also, Disaster Risk Management, which corresponds to a set of activities whose objective is to maintain the risk below the fixed threshold; finally, the General Theory of Systems T.G.S. was used, which has purposes to achieve goals and globalize cause and effect relationships. The methodology applied for this research has a qualitative, exploratory and transversal approach, which allowed determining the different factors to be taken into account at the moment of implementing the web system for registration and attention to risks and natural disasters in the municipality of Los Patios, Norte de Santander. Likewise, the design is phenomenological, as it seeks to understand the reactions of citizens as social actors before risks and natural disasters in the municipality of Los Patios. With a target population of 1,804 people distributed in 334 families, inhabitants of the La Sabana neighborhood of the municipality in question. Four instruments were applied in this research, which were used to compile all the pillar information of the same, which were: I) The semi-structured interview. II) Documentary Review. III) The Focus Group. IV) Non-participant observation. The results of this research on a web system for reporting and attention to natural disaster risks in the municipality of Los Patios, Norte de Santander, Colombia, were obtained by triangulation of techniques
The purpose of this research is to provide statistics and promote the creation of digital tools that contribute to address one of the environmental problems, in this case, natural disasters, exactly in the municipality of Los Patios; as these are a latent reality that must be addressed as soon as possible. Therefore, for this research the following general objective was proposed: To propose a web system for reporting and attention to natural disaster risks in the municipality of Los Patios, through a qualitative study to avoid the loss of lives and mitigate material damages in high-risk areas of the municipality of Los Patios. In this way and to achieve the scope of the main objective described, three specific objectives were classified: I) To identify the phenomena that represent a threat to the population of the municipality of Los Patios, through a documentary review of the municipal disaster risk management plan, improving the state's capacity to cope with them. II) Establish risk scenarios according to the criteria of threatening phenomena, as stipulated in the municipal disaster risk management plan of the municipality of Los Patios through a review of records, focusing resources on the points of greatest social impact. III) Describe the information gathering process in cases of disasters and emergencies carried out by the municipal secretary for disaster risk management through non-participant observation, simplifying the registration of events. IV) Propose the implementation of a web-based early warning system for risks and natural disasters through a socio-educational workshop to improve the tools and response time of the State's relief agencies in natural disasters. For the development of the research, in the theoretical foundation, five research works were used as international, four national and three local antecedents. Likewise, for the theoretical framework, the Theory of Reasoned Action was used, which pursues the purpose of predicting rational human behavior; also, Disaster Risk Management, which corresponds to a set of activities whose objective is to maintain the risk below the fixed threshold; finally, the General Theory of Systems T.G.S. was used, which has purposes to achieve goals and globalize cause and effect relationships. The methodology applied for this research has a qualitative, exploratory and transversal approach, which allowed determining the different factors to be taken into account at the moment of implementing the web system for registration and attention to risks and natural disasters in the municipality of Los Patios, Norte de Santander. Likewise, the design is phenomenological, as it seeks to understand the reactions of citizens as social actors before risks and natural disasters in the municipality of Los Patios. With a target population of 1,804 people distributed in 334 families, inhabitants of the La Sabana neighborhood of the municipality in question. Four instruments were applied in this research, which were used to compile all the pillar information of the same, which were: I) The semi-structured interview. II) Documentary Review. III) The Focus Group. IV) Non-participant observation. The results of this research on a web system for reporting and attention to natural disaster risks in the municipality of Los Patios, Norte de Santander, Colombia, were obtained by triangulation of techniques
Descripción
Palabras clave
Desastres, Riesgos, App, Sistema, Atención, Disasters, Risks, App, System, Attention
