Factores que afectan la salud mental por el virus del COVID-19 en adultos mayores del paso Nueva Vida, Barranquilla 2021-1
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Fecha
2022
Autores
Camacho Cárdenas, Elvira Rosa
Martínez Vega, Harold José
Rodríguez Caballero, Daniela Sofia
Viloria Domínguez, Mateo Enrique
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
Antecedentes: La pandemia de la COVID-19 que se está viviendo actualmente ha afectado de modo desproporcionado a la población de adultos mayores. esta pandemia aumento las probabilidades de tener trastornos mentales principalmente por las sensaciones de depresión, ansiedad y estrés que son ocasionadas por la situación de emergencia sanitaria que está atravesando el mundo. Se han realizado diversos estudios en diferentes países que han abordado la repercusión o impacto desde el punto de vista psicológico del COVID-19, tanto en la población como en el personal de salud. En China, Cuiyan Wang y colaboradores, observó en la población general un 53,8 % de impacto psicológico moderado a severo; un 28,8 % de síntomas ansiosos y un 8,1 % de estrés, todos entre moderados y severos; las personas mayores de 60 años presentaron un alto distrés psicológico. En España, al valorar el impacto psicológico de la pandemia en su población, encontraron síntomas (moderados a severos): estrés (31.92%), psicosomáticos (5.9%), problemas para dormir (36.3%), disfunción social en la actividad diaria (9.5%) y depresivos (4.9%). En Colombia, los
mayores de 65 años pueden presentar un aumento de niveles de ansiedad (31.8%), depresión (27.5%), trastorno obsesivo compulsivo (25.1%) y hostilidad (13.7%) durante la cuarentena. Objetivos: Determinar factores que afectan la salud mental en adultos mayores en tiempos de Covid-19 en Barranquilla/Colombia. Materiales y Métodos: La investigación se desarrolló con un enfoque cuantitativo descriptivo transversal. La población estuvo conformada por adultos mayores de un centro de salud de la ciudad de Barranquilla. Mediante muestreo probabilístico, la población total de adultos mayores fue de 300 para seleccionar la muestra se tuvo en cuenta los criterios de inclusión como adulto mayor de ambos géneros y sexo con edades entre 60-80 años y que pertenezcan a la entidad mencionada anteriormente.
Background: The current COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected the elderly population. This pandemic increases the likelihood of having mental disorders mainly due to feelings of depression, anxiety and stress that are caused by the health emergency that the world is going through. Several studies have been carried out in different countries that have addressed the psychological impact or impact of COVID-19, both on the population and on health personnel. In China, Cuiyan Wang and collaborators observed a 53.8% moderate to severe psychological impact in the general population; 28.8% of anxious symptoms and 8.1% of stress, all moderate to severe; people over 60 years old presented a high psychological distress. In Spain, when assessing the psychological impact of the pandemic on their population, they found symptoms (moderate to severe): stress (31.92%), psychosomatic (5.9%), sleep problems (36.3%), social dysfunction in daily activity (9.5%) and depressive (4.9%). In Colombia, those over 65 years of age may have increased levels of anxiety (31.8%), depression (27.5%), obsessive compulsive disorder (25.1%) and hostility (13.7%) during quarantine. Objectives: To determine factors that affect mental health in older adults during Covid-19 in Barranquilla/Colombia. Materials and Methods: The research was developed with a transversal descriptive quantitative approach. The population was made up of elderly people from a health center in the city of Barranquilla. Through probabilistic sampling, the total population of older adults was 300 to select the sample, considering the criteria for inclusion as an older adult of both genders and sex aged between 60 and 80 years and belonging to the entity mentioned above.
Background: The current COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected the elderly population. This pandemic increases the likelihood of having mental disorders mainly due to feelings of depression, anxiety and stress that are caused by the health emergency that the world is going through. Several studies have been carried out in different countries that have addressed the psychological impact or impact of COVID-19, both on the population and on health personnel. In China, Cuiyan Wang and collaborators observed a 53.8% moderate to severe psychological impact in the general population; 28.8% of anxious symptoms and 8.1% of stress, all moderate to severe; people over 60 years old presented a high psychological distress. In Spain, when assessing the psychological impact of the pandemic on their population, they found symptoms (moderate to severe): stress (31.92%), psychosomatic (5.9%), sleep problems (36.3%), social dysfunction in daily activity (9.5%) and depressive (4.9%). In Colombia, those over 65 years of age may have increased levels of anxiety (31.8%), depression (27.5%), obsessive compulsive disorder (25.1%) and hostility (13.7%) during quarantine. Objectives: To determine factors that affect mental health in older adults during Covid-19 in Barranquilla/Colombia. Materials and Methods: The research was developed with a transversal descriptive quantitative approach. The population was made up of elderly people from a health center in the city of Barranquilla. Through probabilistic sampling, the total population of older adults was 300 to select the sample, considering the criteria for inclusion as an older adult of both genders and sex aged between 60 and 80 years and belonging to the entity mentioned above.
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Palabras clave
Salud mental, Adulto mayor, Aislamiento social, COVID-19
