Violencia de género y feminicidio un problema social: una mirada desde el contexto sociocultural en la ciudad de Cúcuta
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Fecha
2022
Autores
Rovallos Montañez, Daniela Alexandra
Pereira Ordoñez, Lina Marcela
Camacho Mesa, María Camila
Eslava Ibarra, Nathalie
Amaya Portillo, Natalia
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
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Antecedente Internacional
Alrededor del tema del feminicidio la producción investigativa es abundante, una vez se creó el término y se empezó a tipificar el delito en diferentes países del mundo. Es así como investigaciones del país de México permiten entrever las exigencias que la sociedad civil hace al estado para que su acción sea más contundente, teniendo en cuenta las altas cifras de feminicidio en ese país. Se relaciona entonces una investigación denominada: “Feminicidio y violencia de género en México: omisiones del Estado y exigencia civil de justicia.” La misma expresa que “Se aborda la violencia de género contra las mujeres como referente de reflexión teórica. (Salgado, Blancas y Vásquez, 2013, p.11)
Antecedente Nacional
A nivel nacional el país Colombia en los últimos años ha aumentado las investigaciones respecto al feminicidio, muestra de ello es el artículo titulado “El feminicidio un crimen de odio en contra de la mujer y la violencia de género en la ciudad de Barranquilla” El mismo tuvo como “objetivo: Analizar el feminicidio, entendido como un tipo de violencia de género y fenómeno social, en el cual la mujer es la víctima de todo tipo de agresiones (verbales, psicológicas, físicas y económicas), en cualquier lugar y tiempo. Métodos y materiales. Se emplea un enfoque descriptivo y se entrelazan aspectos cuantitativos como cualitativos de la investigación, a través de tres niveles de análisis
Antecedente Local
A nivel local, las investigaciones se han visto motivadas por las cifras de aumento del delito en territorios pequeños como los regionales. En relación a ello, una investigación denominada: “La institucionalidad en el feminicidio: elementos que indican la ocurrencia” registra que “Dada la creciente problemática de feminicidio en el país, en el departamento Norte de Santander y en la ciudad de Cúcuta se desarrolla el presente trabajo investigativo con el fin de identificar elementos característicos del feminicidio, así como rol de la institucionalidad frente al complejo hecho que cobra la vida de las mujeres de la sociedad mientras que la institucionalidad lo invisibilidad. Se entenderá por institucionalidad el rol del estado y por ende sus funcionarios y normativa, lo mismo que el rol ciudadano frente al actuar colectivo.
Ahora bien, la violencia contra la mujer es una problemática que se ha consolidado a través del tiempo como una de las más grandes a nivel mundial, y Colombia no es la excepción. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar cómo se concibe el Feminicidio y la violencia de género desde el contexto socio-cultural en la ciudad de Cúcuta, ya que, debido a las situaciones sanitarias a nivel mundial, el respectivo delito se ha incrementado significativamente. La metodología utilizada responde al paradigma histórico-hermenéutico, el cual nos permite conocer las posturas que se tienen alrededor del feminicidio en el contexto de Cúcuta, desde lo histórico del concepto hasta las particularidades del sujeto que lo vive o padece, desde los actores activos, debido a que interpreta un fenómeno o contexto de la realidad social y humana, realidades actuales, se utilizará el presente método ya que se centra en estudiar el contexto de la realidad de la vida cultural y social.
Por consiguiente, para el desarrollo de la investigación se utilizó, el enfoque Cualitativo por que produce datos descriptivos abordando las acciones de los individuos que se vinculan con acciones de la comunidad o población participante. Por ello, el enfoque cualitativo de investigación se enmarca en el paradigma científico naturalista. Como participantes se tuvieron a mujeres y hombres del barrio Carora los cuales respondieron entrevistas estructuradas, diseñadas previamente por parte de los entrevistadores. A su vez, se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados de las voces de los participantes: (DC3, P2. N°3) “Una de las mayores causas es la desigualdad de género. Se refiere aquella desigualdad social, en el cual están inversos ámbitos como el laboral y el político, donde una mujer en la mayor parte de los casos ejerciendo el mismo trabajo que un hombre no gana el mismo salario.”. (DC9, P4. N9) “Estereotipos sociales y etiquetas qué se centran en el ser mujer y no ser aceptadas y no tener esa misma igualdad que tienen los hombres”. (DC, 23, P1. N3) “Robos, celos, problemas de pareja, así mismo el trabajo institucional se torna un poco intermitente lo que permite que estos hechos se realicen y se quede en la impunidad”.
Como conclusiones se evidencia que las principales causas que prevalecen el barrio Carora del feminicidio y la violencia basada en el género, que son las siguientes: el machismo, los celos, la ruptura de una relación, divorcio. La discriminación y la violencia contra las mujeres son dos realidades que han existido en Colombia por varios años y que desafortunadamente en muchos de los casos termina con la vida de ellas, quedando en completa impunidad.
International Background There is an abundance of research on the subject of feminicide, once the term was created and the crime began to be classified as a crime in different countries around the world. Thus, research from the country of Mexico provides a glimpse of the demands that civil society makes to the state so that its action is more forceful, taking into account the high numbers of feminicide in that country. A research entitled: "Feminicide and gender violence in Mexico: omissions of the State and civil demand for justice" is then related. The same expresses that "Gender violence against women is addressed as a reference for theoretical reflection." (Salgado, Blancas and Vásquez, 2013, p.11). National Background At the national level, Colombia in recent years has increased investigations regarding feminicide, an example of this is the article entitled "Feminicide, a hate crime against women and gender violence in the city of Barranquilla". The objective of the article was "To analyze feminicide, understood as a type of gender violence and social phenomenon, in which the woman is the victim of all types of aggressions (verbal, psychological, physical and economic), in any place and at any time. Methods and materials. A descriptive approach is used and both quantitative and qualitative aspects of the research are interwoven through three levels of analysis. Local Background At the local level, research has been motivated by rising crime figures in small territories such as regional ones. In relation to this, a research entitled: "Institutionalism in feminicide: elements that indicate the occurrence" records that "Given the growing problem of feminicide in the country, in the department of Norte de Santander and in the city of Cúcuta, the present research work is developed in order to identify characteristic elements of feminicide, as well as the role of the institutionalism in the face of the complex fact that takes the lives of women in society while the institutionalism makes it invisible. Institutionalism will be understood as the role of the state and therefore its officials and regulations, as well as the role of citizens in collective action. Violence against women is a problem that has been consolidated over time as one of the biggest worldwide, and Colombia is no exception. The objective of this work was to study how Feminicide and gender violence are conceived from the socio-cultural context in the city of Cúcuta, since, due to health situations worldwide, the respective crime has increased significantly. The methodology used responds to the historical-hermeneutic paradigm, which allows us to know the positions that are held around feminicide in the context of Cúcuta, from the historical concept to the particularities of the subject who lives or suffers it, from the active actors, because it interprets a phenomenon or context of social and human reality, the present method will be used because it focuses on studying the context of the reality of cultural and social life. In turn, the following results were obtained from the voices of the participants: (DC3, P2. N°3) "One of the major causes is gender inequality. It refers to that social inequality, in which areas such as labor and politics are inverse, where a woman in most cases performing the same job as a man does not earn the same salary.". (DC9, P4. N9) "Social stereotypes and labels that focus on being a woman and not being accepted and not having the same equality that men have". (DC,23, P1. N3) "Robbery, jealousy, relationship problems, as well as the institutional work becomes a little intermittent, which allows these acts to take place and remain unpunished". For the development of the research, the qualitative approach was used because it produces descriptive data addressing the actions of individuals that are linked to actions of the community or participant population. Therefore, the qualitative research approach is framed within the naturalistic scientific paradigm. The participants were women and men from the Carora neighborhood who responded to structured interviews previously designed by the interviewers. As conclusions, it is evident that the main causes of feminicide and gender-based violence in the Carora neighborhood are the following: machismo, jealousy, relationship breakdown, divorce, discrimination and violence against women. Discrimination and violence against women are two realities that have existed in Colombia for several years and that unfortunately in many cases end with the lives of women, remaining in complete impunity.
International Background There is an abundance of research on the subject of feminicide, once the term was created and the crime began to be classified as a crime in different countries around the world. Thus, research from the country of Mexico provides a glimpse of the demands that civil society makes to the state so that its action is more forceful, taking into account the high numbers of feminicide in that country. A research entitled: "Feminicide and gender violence in Mexico: omissions of the State and civil demand for justice" is then related. The same expresses that "Gender violence against women is addressed as a reference for theoretical reflection." (Salgado, Blancas and Vásquez, 2013, p.11). National Background At the national level, Colombia in recent years has increased investigations regarding feminicide, an example of this is the article entitled "Feminicide, a hate crime against women and gender violence in the city of Barranquilla". The objective of the article was "To analyze feminicide, understood as a type of gender violence and social phenomenon, in which the woman is the victim of all types of aggressions (verbal, psychological, physical and economic), in any place and at any time. Methods and materials. A descriptive approach is used and both quantitative and qualitative aspects of the research are interwoven through three levels of analysis. Local Background At the local level, research has been motivated by rising crime figures in small territories such as regional ones. In relation to this, a research entitled: "Institutionalism in feminicide: elements that indicate the occurrence" records that "Given the growing problem of feminicide in the country, in the department of Norte de Santander and in the city of Cúcuta, the present research work is developed in order to identify characteristic elements of feminicide, as well as the role of the institutionalism in the face of the complex fact that takes the lives of women in society while the institutionalism makes it invisible. Institutionalism will be understood as the role of the state and therefore its officials and regulations, as well as the role of citizens in collective action. Violence against women is a problem that has been consolidated over time as one of the biggest worldwide, and Colombia is no exception. The objective of this work was to study how Feminicide and gender violence are conceived from the socio-cultural context in the city of Cúcuta, since, due to health situations worldwide, the respective crime has increased significantly. The methodology used responds to the historical-hermeneutic paradigm, which allows us to know the positions that are held around feminicide in the context of Cúcuta, from the historical concept to the particularities of the subject who lives or suffers it, from the active actors, because it interprets a phenomenon or context of social and human reality, the present method will be used because it focuses on studying the context of the reality of cultural and social life. In turn, the following results were obtained from the voices of the participants: (DC3, P2. N°3) "One of the major causes is gender inequality. It refers to that social inequality, in which areas such as labor and politics are inverse, where a woman in most cases performing the same job as a man does not earn the same salary.". (DC9, P4. N9) "Social stereotypes and labels that focus on being a woman and not being accepted and not having the same equality that men have". (DC,23, P1. N3) "Robbery, jealousy, relationship problems, as well as the institutional work becomes a little intermittent, which allows these acts to take place and remain unpunished". For the development of the research, the qualitative approach was used because it produces descriptive data addressing the actions of individuals that are linked to actions of the community or participant population. Therefore, the qualitative research approach is framed within the naturalistic scientific paradigm. The participants were women and men from the Carora neighborhood who responded to structured interviews previously designed by the interviewers. As conclusions, it is evident that the main causes of feminicide and gender-based violence in the Carora neighborhood are the following: machismo, jealousy, relationship breakdown, divorce, discrimination and violence against women. Discrimination and violence against women are two realities that have existed in Colombia for several years and that unfortunately in many cases end with the lives of women, remaining in complete impunity.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Feminicidio, Violencia de género, Contexto social, Cultural, Feminicide, Gender violence, Social, Cultural context
