Evaluación del perfil de farmacorresistencia de hongos ambientales
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Fecha
2023
Autores
Urieles Galvis, Francis Dayana
Camargo Madariaga, Angelica
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas
Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas
Resumen
El reino Fungi desempeña un papel fundamental en la creación y el mantenimiento de condiciones ambientales en la Tierra. Estos organismos se encuentran ampliamente distribuidos en el entorno, desempeñando diversas funciones. En las últimas décadas, se ha observado un aumento en la prevalencia de infecciones fúngicas, en particular la candidiasis, debido a múltiples factores de riesgo, como pacientes inmunocomprometidos, trastornos metabólicos, viajes a regiones endémicas o estancias prolongadas en unidades de cuidados intensivos. La disponibilidad de diversas opciones terapéuticas ha modificado el tratamiento de las infecciones fúngicas sistémicas. En este contexto, nuestro estudio se propuso evaluar los perfiles de farmacorresistencia de hongos aislados del entorno. Para el aislamiento de hongos ambientales, se utilizó un hisopo con caldo lactosado que se frotó en la zona de muestreo y se sembró en agar Sabouraud. Además, se realizaron muestreos de hongos, que se recolectaron abriendo la caja Petri con agar Sabouraud y se incubaron a 37°C durante 96 horas. Luego, se procedió a la purificación de las colonias respectivas. Estos microorganismos se replicaron en agar PDA a una temperatura de 26°C. Tras el crecimiento, se realizó un repique en agar rosa bengala y se llevaron a cabo pruebas bioquímicas para evaluar su actividad bajo sustrato. Además, se realizó una observación microscópica y macroscópica de las colonias para su identificación. Posteriormente, se llevó a cabo un antifungigrama utilizando tres antifúngicos comunes: fluconazol, terbinafina y clotrimazol. Nuestros resultados mostraron el crecimiento de 6 hongos, entre ellos Aspergillus spp, Aspergillus Niger, Candida Albicans, Schizocharomyces Pombe, Penicillum Spp, Rhizopus Stolonifer, así como dos levaduras (Candida Albicans y Schizocharomyces Pombe). De estos microorganismos, 3 resultaron resistentes a los antifúngicos utilizados, como fluconazol, clotrimazol y terbinafina. En conclusión, esta investigación ha revelado la presencia de hongos ambientales resistentes a antifúngicos. Este hallazgo plantea un grave problema de salud pública, especialmente considerando los altos índices de infecciones invasivas en la región, donde las personas inmunosuprimidas son más susceptibles a estas patologías.
The Fungi kingdom plays a fundamental role in creating and maintaining environmental conditions on Earth. These organisms are widely distributed in the environment, serving various functions. In recent decades, there has been an increase in the prevalence of fungal infections, particularly candidiasis, due to multiple risk factors such as immunocompromised patients, metabolic disorders, travel to endemic regions, or extended stays in intensive care units. The availability of various therapeutic options has altered the treatment of systemic fungal infections. In this context, our study aimed to assess the profiles of pharmacoresistance in fungi isolated from the environment. For the isolation of environmental fungi, a swab with lactose broth was used, which was swabbed in the sampling area and then plated on Sabouraud agar. Additionally, fungal samples were collected by opening the Petri dish with Sabouraud agar and incubating them at 37°C for 96 hours. Subsequently, the respective colonies were purified. These microorganisms were replicated on PDA agar at a temperature of 26°C. After growth, they were subcultured on rose bengal agar, and biochemical tests were performed to evaluate their substrate activity. In addition, microscopic and macroscopic observation of the colonies was carried out for identification. Subsequently, an antifungal susceptibility test was conducted using three common antifungals: fluconazole, terbinafine, and clotrimazole. Our results showed the growth of 6 fungi, including Aspergillus spp, Aspergillus Niger, Candida Albicans, Schizocharomyces Pombe, Penicillium Spp, Rhizopus Stolonifer, as well as two yeasts (Candida Albicans and Schizocharomyces Pombe). Of these microorganisms, 3 were found to be resistant to the antifungals used, such as fluconazole, clotrimazole, and terbinafine. In conclusion, this research has revealed the presence of antifungal-resistant environmental fungi. This finding poses a serious public health problem, especially considering the high rates of invasive infections in the region, where immunosuppressed individuals are more susceptible to these pathologies.
The Fungi kingdom plays a fundamental role in creating and maintaining environmental conditions on Earth. These organisms are widely distributed in the environment, serving various functions. In recent decades, there has been an increase in the prevalence of fungal infections, particularly candidiasis, due to multiple risk factors such as immunocompromised patients, metabolic disorders, travel to endemic regions, or extended stays in intensive care units. The availability of various therapeutic options has altered the treatment of systemic fungal infections. In this context, our study aimed to assess the profiles of pharmacoresistance in fungi isolated from the environment. For the isolation of environmental fungi, a swab with lactose broth was used, which was swabbed in the sampling area and then plated on Sabouraud agar. Additionally, fungal samples were collected by opening the Petri dish with Sabouraud agar and incubating them at 37°C for 96 hours. Subsequently, the respective colonies were purified. These microorganisms were replicated on PDA agar at a temperature of 26°C. After growth, they were subcultured on rose bengal agar, and biochemical tests were performed to evaluate their substrate activity. In addition, microscopic and macroscopic observation of the colonies was carried out for identification. Subsequently, an antifungal susceptibility test was conducted using three common antifungals: fluconazole, terbinafine, and clotrimazole. Our results showed the growth of 6 fungi, including Aspergillus spp, Aspergillus Niger, Candida Albicans, Schizocharomyces Pombe, Penicillium Spp, Rhizopus Stolonifer, as well as two yeasts (Candida Albicans and Schizocharomyces Pombe). Of these microorganisms, 3 were found to be resistant to the antifungals used, such as fluconazole, clotrimazole, and terbinafine. In conclusion, this research has revealed the presence of antifungal-resistant environmental fungi. This finding poses a serious public health problem, especially considering the high rates of invasive infections in the region, where immunosuppressed individuals are more susceptible to these pathologies.
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Palabras clave
Farmacorresistencia, Hongos ambientales, Infecciones fúngicas, Antifúngicos, Pharmacoresistance, Environmental fungi, Fungal infections, Antifungals
