Análisis de los efectos del sector minero en los indicadores de sostenibilidad de los países de la alianza del pacífico periodo 2000-2022
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Fecha
2024
Autores
Kandlar Hernández, Zoila Rosa
Martínez Zambrano, Joryana Angy
Nieto Borrego, Roger Eduardo
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Resumen
El sector minero es fundamental para el desarrollo económico en los países
que conforman la Alianza Pacífico (AP), sin embargo, en este sector se enfrentan
fuertes desafíos en términos de sostenibilidad y responsabilidad social debido a que
si bien generan grandes ingresos económicos para el PIB de un país también
producen efectos ambientales y sociales que deben manejarse cuidadosamente
para mantener un equilibrio que permita la sostenibilidad económica, ambiental y
social del sistema minero de un país. Por ese motivo surge la importancia de este
estudio, el cual se centra en analizar la relación entre el desarrollo del sector minero
y el desarrollo sostenible en esta región. Para tal efecto, es necesario promover
prácticas mineras responsables que puedan contribuir a alcanzar y sostener un
equilibrio entre la actividad minera y la sostenibilidad a largo plazo, estas prácticas
son el resultado de un estudio detallado que se realizó para evaluar la sostenibilidad
del sector minero durante el período 2000-2022.
El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los efectos del sector minero en los
indicadores de sostenibilidad de los países de la Alianza Pacifico (AP) en el período
2000-2022; a través, de un estudio de correlación para la evaluación de los
estándares a nivel Económico, Social y Ambiental, de tal forma que se permita el
fomento de políticas de estado responsables que contribuyan al balance económico
y al bienestar de la comunidad de todo el sector, entendiendo que todos los actores
directos e indirectos que hacen parte del sector minero son sumamente importantes
y se debe promover su sostenibilidad desde todos los ámbitos para garantizar la
continuidad del sector minero.
La metodología de investigación es de tipo cuantitativa correlacional
longitudinal con perspectiva positivista, se utilizó como técnica de recolección de
información la revisión bibliográfica detallada de diferentes fuentes a lo largo del
periodo comprendido entre el año 2000 al 2022, dentro de las que se incluyen la
revisión de antecedentes, marcos teóricos y análisis de datos para evaluar la
sostenibilidad del sector minero en Colombia, México, Chile y Perú, con el fin de
correlacionar mediante el análisis de Pearson, indicadores de minería versus
indicadores económicos, sociales y ambientales de diferentes fuentes.
Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que en el análisis de los indicadores de
la Alianza pacifico, las variables asociadas a la gestión minera contribuyen de
manera significativa con la sostenibilidad económica con variables como el
crecimiento del PIB y del INB, esto se evidenció mediante análisis estadísticos, en
cuanto a la sostenibilidad social, al relacionarse significativamente con la reducción
de la brecha de pobreza (coeficiente de Gini), la esperanza de vida al nacer, la
disminución de la mortalidad materna y el acceso a servicios públicos; y con a la
sostenibilidad ambiental al relacionarse con la disminución de CO2 y gases efecto
invernadero (GEI). El análisis de todas estas variables brinda información que puede
ser útil para la creación y promoción de prácticas mineras eficientes al momento de
conseguir y mantener la sostenibilidad económica social y ambiental de todos los
integrantes que hacen parte del sector minero.
The mining sector is fundamental for economic development in the countries that make up the Pacific Alliance (PA), however, this sector faces strong challenges in terms of sustainability and social responsibility because although it generates large economic revenues for a country's GDP, it also produces environmental and social effects that must be carefully managed to maintain a balance that allows for the economic, environmental and social sustainability of a country's mining system. For this reason, the importance of this study arises, which focuses on analyzing the relationship between the development of the mining sector and sustainable development in this region. To this end, it is necessary to promote responsible mining practices that can contribute to achieving and sustaining a balance between mining activity and long-term sustainability. These practices are the result of a detailed study that was carried out to evaluate the sustainability of the mining sector during the period 2000-2022. The objective of this study is to analyze the effects of the mining sector on the sustainability indicators of the countries of the Pacific Alliance (PA) in the period 2000-2022; through a correlation study for the evaluation of the standards at the Economic, Social and Environmental levels, so as to allow the promotion of responsible state policies that contribute to the economic balance and community welfare of the entire sector, understanding that all direct and indirect actors that are part of the mining sector are extremely important and their sustainability should be promoted from all areas to ensure the continuity of the mining sector. The research methodology is of a quantitative correlational longitudinal type with a positivist perspective. The data collection technique used was a detailed bibliographic review of different sources throughout the period from 2000 to 2022, including the review of background information, theoretical frameworks and data analysis to evaluate the sustainability of the mining sector in Colombia, Mexico, Chile and Peru, in order to correlate through Pearson analysis, mining indicators versus economic, social and environmental indicators from different sources. The results obtained showed that in the analysis of the Pacific Alliance indicators, the variables associated with mining management contribute significantly to economic sustainability with variables such as GDP and GNI growth, as evidenced by statistical analysis, in terms of social sustainability, by being significantly related to the reduction of the poverty gap (Gini coefficient), life expectancy at birth, reduction of maternal mortality and access to public services; and to environmental sustainability by being related to the reduction of CO2 and greenhouse gases (GHG). The analysis of all these variables provides information that can be useful for the creation and promotion of efficient mining practices to achieve and maintain the economic, social and environmental sustainability of all members of the mining sector
The mining sector is fundamental for economic development in the countries that make up the Pacific Alliance (PA), however, this sector faces strong challenges in terms of sustainability and social responsibility because although it generates large economic revenues for a country's GDP, it also produces environmental and social effects that must be carefully managed to maintain a balance that allows for the economic, environmental and social sustainability of a country's mining system. For this reason, the importance of this study arises, which focuses on analyzing the relationship between the development of the mining sector and sustainable development in this region. To this end, it is necessary to promote responsible mining practices that can contribute to achieving and sustaining a balance between mining activity and long-term sustainability. These practices are the result of a detailed study that was carried out to evaluate the sustainability of the mining sector during the period 2000-2022. The objective of this study is to analyze the effects of the mining sector on the sustainability indicators of the countries of the Pacific Alliance (PA) in the period 2000-2022; through a correlation study for the evaluation of the standards at the Economic, Social and Environmental levels, so as to allow the promotion of responsible state policies that contribute to the economic balance and community welfare of the entire sector, understanding that all direct and indirect actors that are part of the mining sector are extremely important and their sustainability should be promoted from all areas to ensure the continuity of the mining sector. The research methodology is of a quantitative correlational longitudinal type with a positivist perspective. The data collection technique used was a detailed bibliographic review of different sources throughout the period from 2000 to 2022, including the review of background information, theoretical frameworks and data analysis to evaluate the sustainability of the mining sector in Colombia, Mexico, Chile and Peru, in order to correlate through Pearson analysis, mining indicators versus economic, social and environmental indicators from different sources. The results obtained showed that in the analysis of the Pacific Alliance indicators, the variables associated with mining management contribute significantly to economic sustainability with variables such as GDP and GNI growth, as evidenced by statistical analysis, in terms of social sustainability, by being significantly related to the reduction of the poverty gap (Gini coefficient), life expectancy at birth, reduction of maternal mortality and access to public services; and to environmental sustainability by being related to the reduction of CO2 and greenhouse gases (GHG). The analysis of all these variables provides information that can be useful for the creation and promotion of efficient mining practices to achieve and maintain the economic, social and environmental sustainability of all members of the mining sector
Descripción
Palabras clave
AP, Colombia, Chile, Perú, México, Sostenibilidad, Sostenibilidad social, Sostenibilidad ambiental, Sostenibilidad económica
