“Mi Dragón Dormido”, herramienta terapéutica y psicoeducativa para la revelación del diagnóstico de VIH/SIDA a niños y prevención del estigma social
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Fecha
2021
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Sociedad Chilena de Infectología
Resumen
Introducción: La Organización Mundial de la Salud y la Académica
Americana de Pediatría sugieren revelar el diagnóstico de VIH a niños.
Sin embargo, esto no es una práctica consolidada en Colombia; a
menudo esto ocurre porque los cuidadores no tienen una metodología
adecuada para llevar a cabo este proceso. Objetivo: Se presenta la
evaluación de la eficacia de la historia “Mi Dragón Dormido” para
el proceso de educación y revelación del diagnóstico de VIH/SIDA a
niños. Método: Mediante muestreo no probabilístico intencional; se
administraron entrevistas semiestructuradas a 40 niños, seropositivos
(n = 20) y seronegativos (n = 20) para VIH/SIDA. Se trató de un
estudio cualitativo y diseño sistemático. Se realizó análisis cualitativo
mediante el software NVivo 10 con codificación tipo Nodos de
Árbol. Resultados: Los datos cualitativos aportaron aproximaciones
necesarias para mejorar el contenido y el diseño de la herramienta e
indicaron que refleja la realidad de los niños y permite identificar temores
y preguntas frecuentes frente a la condición crónica de salud del
VIH. Conclusiones: Estos resultados aportan información importante
a considerar en el proceso de revelación del diagnóstico y su manejo
por parte del personal de salud.
Background: The World Health Organization and the American Academy of Pediatrics suggest disclose the HIV diagnosis to children. However, the disclosure of HIV/AIDS diagnosis to children and adolescents, it is not a consolidated practice in Colombia, often this occurs because caregivers do not have an adequate methodology to carry out this process. Aim: We present the efficiency components validation of “Mi dragon Dormido” history in the educational process and revelation of AIDS diagnosis to boys and girls. Method: By means of purposive non-probability sampling, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 40 children, with an equal number of children who were seropositive (n = 20) and seronegative (n = 20) for HIV/ AIDS. A qualitative study with the approach of grounded theory and systematic design was conducted. We conducted the qualitative study through the NVivo software, with the codification type being Tree Nodes. Results: The qualitative data provided necessary approximations to improve the content and design of the tool and showed that it reflects the reality of children and allows them to identify frequent fears and questions regarding to chronic health condition of HIV. Conclusions: These results provide important information to be considered in the process of diagnosis revelation and its management by health personnel.
Background: The World Health Organization and the American Academy of Pediatrics suggest disclose the HIV diagnosis to children. However, the disclosure of HIV/AIDS diagnosis to children and adolescents, it is not a consolidated practice in Colombia, often this occurs because caregivers do not have an adequate methodology to carry out this process. Aim: We present the efficiency components validation of “Mi dragon Dormido” history in the educational process and revelation of AIDS diagnosis to boys and girls. Method: By means of purposive non-probability sampling, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 40 children, with an equal number of children who were seropositive (n = 20) and seronegative (n = 20) for HIV/ AIDS. A qualitative study with the approach of grounded theory and systematic design was conducted. We conducted the qualitative study through the NVivo software, with the codification type being Tree Nodes. Results: The qualitative data provided necessary approximations to improve the content and design of the tool and showed that it reflects the reality of children and allows them to identify frequent fears and questions regarding to chronic health condition of HIV. Conclusions: These results provide important information to be considered in the process of diagnosis revelation and its management by health personnel.
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Palabras clave
VIH, Diagnóstico, Niños, Revelación de diagnóstico, Psicoeducación, HIV, Diagnosis, Children, Disclosure, Psychoeducation
