Evaluación de la citotoxicidad y genotoxicidad del agua de la Ciénaga de Mesolandia (Malambo, Atlántico) usando ALLIUM CEPA como modelo biológico
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Torres Cantillo, Fredy José
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas
Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas
Resumen
La Ciénaga de Mesolandia, ubicada en el municipio de Malambo (Atlántico), representa un ecosistema estratégico por su relevancia ecológica, social y económica. Sin embargo, la creciente presión antrópica producto de vertimientos industriales, comerciales y domésticos ha generado preocupación por su evidente deterioro ambiental.
Con el objetivo de evaluar el potencial toxicológico del agua que ingresa a este ecosistema, se llevó a cabo un estudio piloto utilizando Allium cepa (A. cepa) como modelo bioindicador, aplicando biomarcadores de citotoxicidad y genotoxicidad en muestras recolectadas en cinco puntos estratégicos: PuroPollo, Papeles del Norte, Matadero de Soledad, Arroyo de Soledad y Arroyo el Batallón. A nivel macroscópico, se observaron variaciones significativas en la longitud de las raíces de A. cepa expuestas a las diferentes muestras de agua. A las 24 horas, se evidenció una inhibición notable del crecimiento radicular en los tratamientos correspondientes a PuroPollo y Papeles del Norte. Aunque a las 48 horas hubo un aparente incremento en la longitud radicular, este comportamiento no fue uniforme y sugiere una posible respuesta adaptativa del tejido vegetal.
The Mesolandia Wetland, located in the municipality of Malambo (Atlántico,Colombia), is a strategic ecosystem due to its ecological, social, and economic importance. However, increasing anthropogenic pressure from industrial, commercial, and domestic discharges has raised concerns about its potential environmental degradation. To evaluate the toxicological and genotoxic potential of the water entering this ecosystem, a pilot study was conducted using Allium cepa as a bioindicator model. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity biomarkers were applied to samples collected from five strategic points: PuroPollo, Papeles del Norte, Matadero de Soledad, Arroyo de Soledad and Arroyo el Batallón. At the macroscopic level, significant variations were observed in root length of A. cepa exposed to the different water samples. After 24 hours, a marked inhibition of root growth was evident in treatments corresponding to PuroPollo and Papeles del Norte. Although an apparent increase in root length was observed at 48 hours, this response was inconsistent and suggests a possible adaptive response of the plant tissue. Cytological analysis revealed a significant reduction in mitotic index after 24 hours of exposure, particularly in samples from Papeles del Norte and the Matadero site, indicating early cytotoxic effects.
The Mesolandia Wetland, located in the municipality of Malambo (Atlántico,Colombia), is a strategic ecosystem due to its ecological, social, and economic importance. However, increasing anthropogenic pressure from industrial, commercial, and domestic discharges has raised concerns about its potential environmental degradation. To evaluate the toxicological and genotoxic potential of the water entering this ecosystem, a pilot study was conducted using Allium cepa as a bioindicator model. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity biomarkers were applied to samples collected from five strategic points: PuroPollo, Papeles del Norte, Matadero de Soledad, Arroyo de Soledad and Arroyo el Batallón. At the macroscopic level, significant variations were observed in root length of A. cepa exposed to the different water samples. After 24 hours, a marked inhibition of root growth was evident in treatments corresponding to PuroPollo and Papeles del Norte. Although an apparent increase in root length was observed at 48 hours, this response was inconsistent and suggests a possible adaptive response of the plant tissue. Cytological analysis revealed a significant reduction in mitotic index after 24 hours of exposure, particularly in samples from Papeles del Norte and the Matadero site, indicating early cytotoxic effects.
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Allium Cepa, Genotoxicidad, Contaminación antrópica, Metales
