La apertura de la actuación administrativa como garantía del derecho fundamental de petición en Colombia
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Hernández Romero, Tatiana Patricia
Cervantes Briñez, Manuel Alejandro
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
El trabajo examina cómo la apertura formal de la actuación administrativa se convierte en una garantía esencial del derecho fundamental de petición en Colombia, a partir de la Constitución de 1991, la Ley 1437 de 2011 y la Ley 1755 de 2015. Sostiene que no basta con permitir al ciudadano radicar solicitudes: la administración debe iniciar un procedimiento estructurado, motivado y público, que conduzca a una respuesta clara, congruente, de fondo y oportuna. Se analizan los conceptos y naturaleza jurídica del derecho de petición, su papel en el Estado social de derecho y el marco normativo de la actuación administrativa. Se destacan los principios de legalidad, eficacia, debido proceso y publicidad como ejes que obligan a abrir y tramitar las actuaciones cuando se cumplen los supuestos legales. El texto desarrolla los elementos constitutivos de la apertura (formal, fáctico, jurídico y procedimental) y muestra, a partir de la jurisprudencia constitucional, que las respuestas meramente formales vulneran el núcleo esencial del derecho de petición. Finalmente, concluye que abrir y conducir debidamente las actuaciones fortalece la protección de los derechos, el control ciudadano y la legitimidad del Estado social de derecho en Colombia.
The paper examines how the formal opening of administrative proceedings becomes an essential guarantee of the fundamental right to petition in Colombia, based on the 1991 Constitution, Law 1437 of 2011 and Law 1755 of 2015. It argues that it is not enough for citizens to be allowed to file requests: the administration must initiate a structured, reasoned and public procedure that leads to a clear, consistent, substantive and timely response. The study analyses the concept and legal nature of the right to petition, its role in the social rule of law, and the regulatory framework of administrative action. It highlights the principles of legality, effectiveness, due process and publicity as core guidelines that require authorities to open and process proceedings when legal conditions are met. The text develops the constitutive elements of opening (formal, factual, legal and procedural) and shows, drawing on constitutional case law, that merely formal or evasive replies violate the essential core of the right to petition. It concludes that properly opening and conducting proceedings strengthens rights protection, citizen oversight and the legitimacy and transparency of public administration in Colombia, promoting accountability, trust in institutions and meaningful, inclusive democratic participation for citizens.
The paper examines how the formal opening of administrative proceedings becomes an essential guarantee of the fundamental right to petition in Colombia, based on the 1991 Constitution, Law 1437 of 2011 and Law 1755 of 2015. It argues that it is not enough for citizens to be allowed to file requests: the administration must initiate a structured, reasoned and public procedure that leads to a clear, consistent, substantive and timely response. The study analyses the concept and legal nature of the right to petition, its role in the social rule of law, and the regulatory framework of administrative action. It highlights the principles of legality, effectiveness, due process and publicity as core guidelines that require authorities to open and process proceedings when legal conditions are met. The text develops the constitutive elements of opening (formal, factual, legal and procedural) and shows, drawing on constitutional case law, that merely formal or evasive replies violate the essential core of the right to petition. It concludes that properly opening and conducting proceedings strengthens rights protection, citizen oversight and the legitimacy and transparency of public administration in Colombia, promoting accountability, trust in institutions and meaningful, inclusive democratic participation for citizens.
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Palabras clave
Derecho de petición, Actuación administrativa, Principio de legalidad, Eficacia administrativa, Debido proceso, Publicidad
