Terapia de aceptación y compromiso en el incremento del bienestar psicológico de un adulto mayor
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Contreras Carrillo, Yanitza Paola
Peña Duran, Maribel
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
El estudio aborda la evaluación y tratamiento de un adulto mayor de 72 años, jubilado, viudo y con secundaria completa, quien presenta ansiedad y depresión, problemáticas comunes en esta población. Se buscó identificar y tratar estos síntomas mediante el Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck (BAI) y el Cuadernillo de Depresión de Beck, con el objetivo de diseñar un plan de intervención para mejorar su bienestar emocional y funcionalidad. La investigación planteó como pregunta: ¿Cómo se manifiestan la ansiedad y la depresión en el caso de Carlos, y qué estrategias pueden mejorar su estado emocional? Se empleó una metodología mixta con la aplicación de instrumentos psicológicos y un análisis de resultados. A partir de ello, se diseñó un plan de intervención basado en terapia cognitivo-conductual, incluyendo sesiones individuales, técnicas de relajación y estrategias para modificar pensamientos disfuncionales. Carlos obtuvo un puntaje de 28 en el Cuadernillo de Depresión de Beck, reflejando depresión moderada, y presentó síntomas de ansiedad que afectaban su calidad de vida, como temor y sensación de ahogo. Tras la intervención, se evidenció una mejora significativa en su estado emocional, con una reducción en los niveles de ansiedad y depresión, demostrando la efectividad del enfoque terapéutico. El estudio subraya la importancia de una evaluación adecuada y tratamientos personalizados en adultos mayores con estas problemáticas, recomendando intervenciones adaptadas que integren atención psicológica y apoyo social para maximizar los beneficios terapéuticos.
The study focuses on the evaluation and treatment of Carlos, a 72-year-old retired widower with a complete secondary education, who presents significant symptoms of anxiety and depression. This raises a relevant problem in the field of clinical psychology, especially concerning the elderly population. The primary objective was to identify and address these symptoms using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Beck Depression Inventory to design an intervention plan aimed at improving his emotional well-being and functionality. The initial question guiding the research was: How do anxiety and depression manifest in Carlos's case, and what intervention strategies can be effective in improving his emotional state? To address this problem, a mixed methodology was employed, including the application of both psychological instruments, followed by a thorough analysis of the obtained results. Subsequently, an intervention plan was designed based on cognitivebehavioral therapy, which included individual therapy sessions, relaxation techniques, and strategies for modifying dysfunctional thoughts. The results indicated that Carlos scored 28 on the Beck Depression Inventory, reflecting a moderate level of depression, and symptoms affecting his quality of life were observed in the Beck Anxiety Inventory, such as fear of the worst and a sensation of suffocation. It is noteworthy that after the intervention, a significant improvement in his emotional state was evidenced, with a decrease in levels of anxiety and depression, suggesting that the implemented therapeutic approach was effective in addressing his specific needs. In conclusion, the study reaffirms the importance of adequate evaluation and personalized treatment in managing anxiety and depression in the elderly population. It is recommended to continue applying this type of intervention, adapting it to the individual characteristics of each patient, and promoting a comprehensive approach that includes both psychological care and social support to improve the quality of life for older adults.
The study focuses on the evaluation and treatment of Carlos, a 72-year-old retired widower with a complete secondary education, who presents significant symptoms of anxiety and depression. This raises a relevant problem in the field of clinical psychology, especially concerning the elderly population. The primary objective was to identify and address these symptoms using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Beck Depression Inventory to design an intervention plan aimed at improving his emotional well-being and functionality. The initial question guiding the research was: How do anxiety and depression manifest in Carlos's case, and what intervention strategies can be effective in improving his emotional state? To address this problem, a mixed methodology was employed, including the application of both psychological instruments, followed by a thorough analysis of the obtained results. Subsequently, an intervention plan was designed based on cognitivebehavioral therapy, which included individual therapy sessions, relaxation techniques, and strategies for modifying dysfunctional thoughts. The results indicated that Carlos scored 28 on the Beck Depression Inventory, reflecting a moderate level of depression, and symptoms affecting his quality of life were observed in the Beck Anxiety Inventory, such as fear of the worst and a sensation of suffocation. It is noteworthy that after the intervention, a significant improvement in his emotional state was evidenced, with a decrease in levels of anxiety and depression, suggesting that the implemented therapeutic approach was effective in addressing his specific needs. In conclusion, the study reaffirms the importance of adequate evaluation and personalized treatment in managing anxiety and depression in the elderly population. It is recommended to continue applying this type of intervention, adapting it to the individual characteristics of each patient, and promoting a comprehensive approach that includes both psychological care and social support to improve the quality of life for older adults.
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Palabras clave
Ansiedad, Depresión, Intervención, Evaluación, Terapia
