Plan de acción para la atención de la comunidad adulto mayor vulnerable en los municipios de Cúcuta, Los Patios y Villa del Rosario en 2022
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Fecha
2022
Autores
Correa Rincon, Diana Katherine
Sanchez Peña, Julio Cesar
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Resumen
Antecedentes: Se fundamentó en trabajos de investigación destinados a identificar las necesidades de los adultos mayores en Colombia como lo son el Plan de Acción Internacional sobre Envejecimiento y la Estrategia de alimentación, de este trabajo se extrajo un diagnostico premliminar de investigación cuantitativa, a su vez, se uso de insumo para la construcción del plan ya que cuenta con la dinámica internacional de la problemática.
Objetivos: Los objetivos se concretan en tres puntos descritos como objetivos específicos, identificar las capacidades de los adultos mayores descritas por Martha Nussbaum como combinaciones alternativas de funciones que son factibles de alcanzar para una persona. Segundo, a partir de estas, determinar las estrategias que consiste en identificar aspectos clave para atender la problemática de esta población y estructurar estrategias para darles solución, y por ultimo diseñar el plan de acción como entregable final, el cual estructura en forma de ejes estratégicos y programas las actividades descritas en el punto anterior.
Materiales y Métodos: Mediante la investigación cualitativa, con un diseño de investigación-acción-participativa y el desarrollo del guion del aplicado a tres grupos focales a finales de mayo. Los materiales utilizados fue el equipo de investigadores, 3 auxiliares para la organización, 2 celulares (fotografía y grabación de voz), 2 computadores portátiles, el préstamo del escenario para realizar las sesiones (este contaba con la silletería y las mesas), y por ultimo algunos elementos de papelería como hojas para la respuesta de 3 preguntas y lapiceros.
Resultados: El análisis del instrumento permitió revelar desde patrones de comportamiento hasta aspectos de la personalidad de los adultos mayores, podría identificarse dos características primordiales como lo son la independencia y la tranquilidad. En el contexto de independencia valoran la capacidad que tienen para dar solución de sus problemáticas de forma independiente, esto incluye la capacidad de desplazarse sin ayuda, generar ingresos por cuenta propia, mantener un estado de salud siempre activo, tener la posibilidad de realizar actividades de forma independiente, tener la oportunidad de cuidar de otros seres vivos, ver crecer y evolucionar a sus familiares. Por el lado de la tranquilidad, evitan los problemas y buscan refugio en el amor por otros seres vivos o familiares, esto los lleva a preferir desarrollar actividades con amistades conocidas o familiares, buscar el contacto espiritual con la religión, igualmente buscar el contacto con mascotas o plantas, fortalecer los lazos familiares.
Conclusiones: Los adultos mayores vulnerables tienen un componente predominante, su inestabilidad económica y la dificultad para buscar soluciones a largo plazo compromete sus capacidades para satisfacer aspectos como la construcción de un patrimonio o el desarrollo profesional e intelectual, a pesar de esto, los adultos mayores siempre buscaran soluciones ingeniosas para construir un sustento monetario mínimo para garantizar su subsistencia, estas soluciones son esporádicas y paliativas ya que la brecha tecnológica, la discriminación, el reducido apoyo del estado y la misma vejez son un obstáculo constante en la construcción de una realidad mejor.
La realidad de los adultos mayores en la actualidad es muy difícil de cambiar, debido que buena parte de las soluciones no se construyen de forma inmediata, sino que son el continuo proceso de construcción de una vida de ahorros para la vejez independientemente de la pensión, pero el estado puede estructurar soluciones inmediatas diseñadas para brindar apoyo a los adultos mayores vulnerables de forma que puedan dar mayor prioridad a esas capacidades de desarrollo personal. Igualmente, el estado puede aprender de esta realidad, propendiendo en las personas que están próximos a entrar en esta categoría y la comunidad en general es espíritu del ahorro para la vejez, generar alternativas para facilitar el acceso a una pensión mínima, fomentar la educación profesional especialmente de las personas en el sector rural, y brindar garantía de acceso a la salud y a todos los servicios básicos.
Background: It was based on research work aimed at identifying the needs of older adults in Colombia such as the International Plan of Action on Aging and the Food Strategy, from this work was extracted a preliminary diagnosis of quantitative research, in turn, it was used as input for the construction of the plan as it has the international dynamics of the problem. Objectives: The objectives are specified in three points described as specific objectives, identify the capabilities of older adults described by Martha Nussbaum as alternative combinations of functions that are feasible for a person to achieve. Second, from these, to determine the strategies that consist of identifying key aspects to address the problems of this population and to structure strategies to solve them, and finally to design the action plan as the final deliverable, which structures in the form of strategic axes and programs the activities described in the previous point. Materials and Methods: Through qualitative research, with a participatory action-research design and the development of the script applied to three focus groups at the end of May. The materials used were the research team, 3 assistants for the organization, 2 cell phones (photography and voice recording), 2 laptops, the loan of the stage for the sessions (it had the chairs and tables), and finally some stationery items such as sheets for answering 3 questions and pens. Results: The analysis of the instrument revealed from behavioral patterns to aspects of the personality of the older adults, two main characteristics could be identified, independence and tranquility. In the context of independence, they value the capacity they have to solve their problems independently, this includes the capacity to move around without help, generate income on their own, maintain an always active state of health, have the possibility of carrying out activities independently, have the opportunity to take care of other living beings, see their family members grow and evolve. On the side of tranquility, they avoid problems and seek refuge in the love for other living beings or family members, this leads them to prefer to develop activities with known or familiar friendships, seek spiritual contact with religion, equally seek contact with pets or plants, strengthen family ties. Conclusions: Vulnerable older adults have a predominant component, their economic instability and the difficulty to seek long-term solutions compromises their ability to satisfy aspects such as building a heritage or professional and intellectual development, despite this, older adults will always seek ingenious solutions to build a minimum monetary sustenance to ensure their subsistence, these solutions are sporadic and palliative since the technological gap, discrimination, reduced support from the state and old age itself are a constant obstacle in the construction of a better reality. The reality of older adults today is very difficult to change, because many of the solutions are not built immediately, but are the continuous process of building a life of savings for old age regardless of the pension, but the state can structure immediate solutions designed to provide support to vulnerable older adults so that they can give greater priority to those capabilities for personal development. Likewise, the state can learn from this reality, encouraging people who are close to entering this category and the community in general to save for old age, generate alternatives to facilitate access to a minimum pension, promote professional education, especially for people in the rural sector, and provide guaranteed access to health and all basic services.
Background: It was based on research work aimed at identifying the needs of older adults in Colombia such as the International Plan of Action on Aging and the Food Strategy, from this work was extracted a preliminary diagnosis of quantitative research, in turn, it was used as input for the construction of the plan as it has the international dynamics of the problem. Objectives: The objectives are specified in three points described as specific objectives, identify the capabilities of older adults described by Martha Nussbaum as alternative combinations of functions that are feasible for a person to achieve. Second, from these, to determine the strategies that consist of identifying key aspects to address the problems of this population and to structure strategies to solve them, and finally to design the action plan as the final deliverable, which structures in the form of strategic axes and programs the activities described in the previous point. Materials and Methods: Through qualitative research, with a participatory action-research design and the development of the script applied to three focus groups at the end of May. The materials used were the research team, 3 assistants for the organization, 2 cell phones (photography and voice recording), 2 laptops, the loan of the stage for the sessions (it had the chairs and tables), and finally some stationery items such as sheets for answering 3 questions and pens. Results: The analysis of the instrument revealed from behavioral patterns to aspects of the personality of the older adults, two main characteristics could be identified, independence and tranquility. In the context of independence, they value the capacity they have to solve their problems independently, this includes the capacity to move around without help, generate income on their own, maintain an always active state of health, have the possibility of carrying out activities independently, have the opportunity to take care of other living beings, see their family members grow and evolve. On the side of tranquility, they avoid problems and seek refuge in the love for other living beings or family members, this leads them to prefer to develop activities with known or familiar friendships, seek spiritual contact with religion, equally seek contact with pets or plants, strengthen family ties. Conclusions: Vulnerable older adults have a predominant component, their economic instability and the difficulty to seek long-term solutions compromises their ability to satisfy aspects such as building a heritage or professional and intellectual development, despite this, older adults will always seek ingenious solutions to build a minimum monetary sustenance to ensure their subsistence, these solutions are sporadic and palliative since the technological gap, discrimination, reduced support from the state and old age itself are a constant obstacle in the construction of a better reality. The reality of older adults today is very difficult to change, because many of the solutions are not built immediately, but are the continuous process of building a life of savings for old age regardless of the pension, but the state can structure immediate solutions designed to provide support to vulnerable older adults so that they can give greater priority to those capabilities for personal development. Likewise, the state can learn from this reality, encouraging people who are close to entering this category and the community in general to save for old age, generate alternatives to facilitate access to a minimum pension, promote professional education, especially for people in the rural sector, and provide guaranteed access to health and all basic services.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Capacidades básicas, Adulto mayor vulnerable, Igualdad, Inclusión, Ciclo de vida, Envejecimiento, Basic capabilities, Vulnerable elderly, Equality, Inclusion, Life cycle, Aging
