Los procesos establecidos por el estado colombiano para la reparación a las víctimas del conflicto y los mecanismos jurídicos a fin de agilizar y hacer más efectivas las indemnizaciones
Cargando...
Fecha
2022
Autores
García Serrano, Diego José
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
Antecedentes:
La inclusión social de las víctimas del conflicto armado, ha sido el mayor reto para todos los gobiernos en el mundo, no solo para el estado colombiano, sin embargo, a pesar de haberse implementado la ley 1448 del 2011 para la reparación integral a las víctimas así como decretos y resoluciones complementarias como lo es la resolución 01049 del 2019 por el cual se adopta el procedimiento para reconocer y otorgar la indemnización por vía administrativa, esto no ha sido suficiente para reducir las condiciones de vulnerabilidad.
Los distintos procesos establecidos por el estado colombiano para la reparación integral a las víctimas, en la revisión de las normas establecidas sobre justicia transicional, los derechos fundamentales de la constitución política, los tratados y convenios internacionales ratificados por Colombia, que versen sobre derechos humanos y derecho internacional humanitario y en base a ello, como pueden las víctimas del conflicto armado acudir a mecanismos judiciales para hacer efectivas las garantías dadas debido a la falta de cumplimento del estado y así superar su estado de vulnerabilidad.
Objetivos:
Objetivo general
Analizar los mecanismos jurídicos que permiten agilizar los procesos de reparación de las víctimas del conflicto armado en Colombia.
Objetivos específicos
1. Determinar el grado de efectividad de las normas establecida para la reparación integral a las víctimas.
2. Verificar las determinaciones de la Corte Constitucional y el Consejo de Estado sobre la reparación de víctimas del conflicto.
3. Definir los mecanismos internacionales aplicados en el control de convencionalidad que agilizará el proceso de reparación a las víctimas del conflicto en Colombia.
Materiales y Métodos:
Métodos de Investigación
Teóricos y practico, Las técnicas de recolección de datos se realizaron por medio de la lectura de artículos y casos que se publicaron en dichos artículos, tesis de grado y revistas de investigación.
Paradigma: Formas de investigación socio jurídica
Enfoque: Tipos de Investigación Correlacional
Resultados:
En los resultados se evidencio que la Unidad para la Atención y Reparación Integral a las víctimas del conflicto armado no posee un grado de efectividad positivo en el cumplimiento de las políticas públicas aplicadas. En dichos resultados la victimas encuestadas manifestaron que se encontraban inconformes debido al incumplimiento de las normas, los tiempos que estipula la Unidad de Victimas al momento de dar entrega a la medida de indemnización y a la poca información o asesoría por parte de la Unidad sobre las etapas que debe agotar para la medida de indemnización, como también la inconformidad en la atención que le brindan los canales de atención.
Conclusiones:
• Por el Estado en materia de reparación integral a las víctimas.
• Por ende, en base a los resultados dados en la encuesta y al análisis normativo y jurisprudencial de las leyes y sentencias sobre la protección a las víctimas del conflicto, se dispone como primer objetivo específico de esta investigación, fue analizar la efectividad, de las normas legales de carácter nacional, establecidas por el Estado colombiano, en el marco del conflicto armado interno, encontrándose graves falencias en la ejecución de estas, en la interpretación y aplicación de políticas públicas por parte del Estado, y la falta de acompañamiento, financiación de las leyes, que no permiten un avance significativo en materia de reparación integral a las víctimas.
• Con la entrada en vigencia de la ley 1448 de 2011, se trató de unificar los procedimientos de reparación integral a las víctimas que se venían tramitando con anterioridad, se les dio la posibilidad a la población, de ingresar a un Registro Único de Víctimas, accediendo a beneficios, como ayudas humanitarias e indemnizaciones, sin embargo, en la práctica, solo se ha reparado al 10% de la población total de víctimas en el país, debido a varios factores, entre ellos, la desfinanciación de la norma, la desviación de recursos, toda vez, que la norma se creó para una vigencia de 10 años y llegando a dicho termino no se alcanzó el umbral ni siquiera de un cuarto de la población
Background: This paper analyzes the different processes established by the Colombian state for comprehensive reparation to victims, reviewing the standards established on transitional justice, the fundamental rights of the political constitution, international treaties and conventions ratified by Colombia, which deal with human rights and international humanitarian law and based on this, how can the victims of the armed conflict resort to judicial mechanisms to enforce the guarantees given due to the lack of compliance by the state and thus overcome their state of vulnerability. The different processes established by the Colombian state for the comprehensive reparation of the victims, in the revision of the norms established on transitional justice, the fundamental rights of the political constitution, the international treaties and conventions ratified by Colombia, that deal with human rights and international humanitarian law and based on this, how can the victims of the armed conflict turn to judicial mechanisms to make effective the guarantees given due to the lack of compliance by the state and thus overcome their state of vulnerability. Objective: General objective Analyze the legal mechanisms that allow speeding up the reparation processes for the victims of the armed conflict in Colombia. Specific objectives 1. Determine the degree of effectiveness of the norms established for comprehensive reparation for victims. 2. Verify the determinations of the Constitutional Court and the Council of State on the reparation of victims of the conflict. 3. Define the international mechanisms applied in the control of conventionality that will speed up the reparation process for the victims of the conflict in Colombia. Materials and Methods: Research Methods Theoretical and practical, data collection techniques were performed by reading articles and cases that were published in these articles, thesis and research journals. Paradigm: Forms of research: socio-legal Approach: Research Types: Correlational Results: The results showed that the Unit for Comprehensive Care and Reparation for victims of the armed conflict does not have a positive degree of effectiveness in complying with the public policies applied. In these results, the victims surveyed stated that they were dissatisfied due to non-compliance with the rules, the times stipulated by the Victims Unit when delivering the compensation measure and the lack of information or advice from the Unit on the stages that must be exhausted for the compensation measure, as well as the non-conformity in the care provided by the care channels. Conclusions: • By the State in terms of comprehensive reparation to the victims. • Therefore, based on the results given in the survey and the normative and jurisprudential analysis of the laws and sentences on the protection of the victims of the conflict, the first specific objective of this investigation is to analyze the effectiveness of the norms laws of a national nature, established by the Colombian State, within the framework of the internal armed conflict, finding serious shortcomings in the execution of these, in the interpretation and application of public policies by the State, and the lack of accompaniment, financing of the laws, which do not allow significant progress in terms of comprehensive reparation for victims. • With the entry into force of Law 1448 of 2011, an attempt was made to unify the comprehensive reparation procedures for victims that had been previously processed, the population was given the possibility of entering a Single Registry of Victims, accessing benefits, such as humanitarian aid and compensation, however, in practice, only 10% of the total population of victims in the country have been compensated, due to various factors, including underfunding of the norm, deviation of resources, since the norm was created for a validity of 10 years and reaching said term the threshold of not even a quarter of the population was reached.
Background: This paper analyzes the different processes established by the Colombian state for comprehensive reparation to victims, reviewing the standards established on transitional justice, the fundamental rights of the political constitution, international treaties and conventions ratified by Colombia, which deal with human rights and international humanitarian law and based on this, how can the victims of the armed conflict resort to judicial mechanisms to enforce the guarantees given due to the lack of compliance by the state and thus overcome their state of vulnerability. The different processes established by the Colombian state for the comprehensive reparation of the victims, in the revision of the norms established on transitional justice, the fundamental rights of the political constitution, the international treaties and conventions ratified by Colombia, that deal with human rights and international humanitarian law and based on this, how can the victims of the armed conflict turn to judicial mechanisms to make effective the guarantees given due to the lack of compliance by the state and thus overcome their state of vulnerability. Objective: General objective Analyze the legal mechanisms that allow speeding up the reparation processes for the victims of the armed conflict in Colombia. Specific objectives 1. Determine the degree of effectiveness of the norms established for comprehensive reparation for victims. 2. Verify the determinations of the Constitutional Court and the Council of State on the reparation of victims of the conflict. 3. Define the international mechanisms applied in the control of conventionality that will speed up the reparation process for the victims of the conflict in Colombia. Materials and Methods: Research Methods Theoretical and practical, data collection techniques were performed by reading articles and cases that were published in these articles, thesis and research journals. Paradigm: Forms of research: socio-legal Approach: Research Types: Correlational Results: The results showed that the Unit for Comprehensive Care and Reparation for victims of the armed conflict does not have a positive degree of effectiveness in complying with the public policies applied. In these results, the victims surveyed stated that they were dissatisfied due to non-compliance with the rules, the times stipulated by the Victims Unit when delivering the compensation measure and the lack of information or advice from the Unit on the stages that must be exhausted for the compensation measure, as well as the non-conformity in the care provided by the care channels. Conclusions: • By the State in terms of comprehensive reparation to the victims. • Therefore, based on the results given in the survey and the normative and jurisprudential analysis of the laws and sentences on the protection of the victims of the conflict, the first specific objective of this investigation is to analyze the effectiveness of the norms laws of a national nature, established by the Colombian State, within the framework of the internal armed conflict, finding serious shortcomings in the execution of these, in the interpretation and application of public policies by the State, and the lack of accompaniment, financing of the laws, which do not allow significant progress in terms of comprehensive reparation for victims. • With the entry into force of Law 1448 of 2011, an attempt was made to unify the comprehensive reparation procedures for victims that had been previously processed, the population was given the possibility of entering a Single Registry of Victims, accessing benefits, such as humanitarian aid and compensation, however, in practice, only 10% of the total population of victims in the country have been compensated, due to various factors, including underfunding of the norm, deviation of resources, since the norm was created for a validity of 10 years and reaching said term the threshold of not even a quarter of the population was reached.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Garantías Constitucionales, Derechos humanos, Derecho internacional humanitario, Justicia transicional, Derechos fundamentales, Constitutional guarantees, Human rights, International humanitarian law, Transitional justice, Fundamental rights
