Impacto del abuso sexual en el daño moral y psicológico de las mujeres y sus estrategias de afrontamiento: una revisión documental
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Rolón Gonzalez, Michel
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
La presente revisión documental analiza el impacto del abuso sexual en el daño moral y psicológico de las mujeres, así como las estrategias de afrontamiento implementadas para mitigar sus efectos. La violencia contra la mujer constituye un problema de salud pública global que afecta a una de cada tres mujeres, manifestándose en formas físicas, psicológicas, sexuales y económicas.
El daño psicológico identificado incluye trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT), ansiedad, depresión, baja autoestima, aislamiento social y trastornos cognitivos. El daño moral se refleja en sentimientos de culpa, vergüenza, vulnerabilidad, deterioro de la autoimagen y afectación de la dignidad personal. Estos impactos trascienden el ámbito individual, afectando las relaciones interpersonales y la capacidad de autodeterminación.
Las estrategias de afrontamiento más prevalentes incluyen: apoyo social y psicológico, reestructuración cognitiva, expresión emocional, afrontamiento activo, religiosidad/espiritualidad, y participación en campañas de sensibilización. Se identificaron estrategias centradas en la emoción (búsqueda de apoyo, evasión) y en el problema (tratamiento psicológico, cambios de entorno).
A nivel internacional, países como Perú (68%) y Honduras (50%) presentan altas prevalencias. En Colombia, el 75.6% de los casos de violencia de género corresponden a mujeres, con un promedio de 99 víctimas diarias de violencia sexual. En Norte de Santander, el contexto migratorio incrementa la vulnerabilidad, con aproximadamente 50% de mujeres migrantes afectadas.
La revisión evidencia la necesidad de intervenciones psicosociales integrales, fortalecimiento de políticas públicas y enfoques terapéuticos que promuevan la resiliencia y reparación emocional, contribuyendo al cumplimiento del ODS 5: Igualdad de Género.
This documentary review analyzes the impact of sexual abuse on the moral and psychological harm experienced by women, as well as the coping strategies implemented to mitigate its effects. Violence against women constitutes a global public health problem affecting one in three women, manifesting in physical, psychological, sexual, and economic forms. The identified psychological harm includes post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, social isolation, and cognitive disorders. Moral harm is reflected in feelings of guilt, shame, vulnerability, deterioration of self-image, and damage to personal dignity. These impacts transcend the individual sphere, affecting interpersonal relationships and capacity for self-determination. The most prevalent coping strategies include: social and psychological support, cognitive restructuring, emotional expression, active coping, religiosity/spirituality, and participation in awareness campaigns. Emotion-focused strategies (seeking support, avoidance) and problem-focused strategies (psychological treatment, environment changes) were identified. Internationally, countries like Peru (68%) and Honduras (50%) show high prevalence rates. In Colombia, 75.6% of gender-based violence cases involve women, with an average of 99 daily victims of sexual violence. In Norte de Santander, the migratory context increases vulnerability, with approximately 50% of migrant women affected. The review demonstrates the need for comprehensive psychosocial interventions, strengthened public policies, and therapeutic approaches promoting resilience and emotional repair, contributing to achieving SDG 5: Gender Equality.
This documentary review analyzes the impact of sexual abuse on the moral and psychological harm experienced by women, as well as the coping strategies implemented to mitigate its effects. Violence against women constitutes a global public health problem affecting one in three women, manifesting in physical, psychological, sexual, and economic forms. The identified psychological harm includes post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, social isolation, and cognitive disorders. Moral harm is reflected in feelings of guilt, shame, vulnerability, deterioration of self-image, and damage to personal dignity. These impacts transcend the individual sphere, affecting interpersonal relationships and capacity for self-determination. The most prevalent coping strategies include: social and psychological support, cognitive restructuring, emotional expression, active coping, religiosity/spirituality, and participation in awareness campaigns. Emotion-focused strategies (seeking support, avoidance) and problem-focused strategies (psychological treatment, environment changes) were identified. Internationally, countries like Peru (68%) and Honduras (50%) show high prevalence rates. In Colombia, 75.6% of gender-based violence cases involve women, with an average of 99 daily victims of sexual violence. In Norte de Santander, the migratory context increases vulnerability, with approximately 50% of migrant women affected. The review demonstrates the need for comprehensive psychosocial interventions, strengthened public policies, and therapeutic approaches promoting resilience and emotional repair, contributing to achieving SDG 5: Gender Equality.
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Abuso sexual, Daño psicológico, Daño moral, Estrategias de afrontamiento, Violencia contra la mujer
