La incurrencia de la violencia obstétrica como factor determinante en la comisión de las conductas punibles de aborto y lesiones al feto
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Bray Torres, Laura Lorainne
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
Este ensayo examina la violencia obstétrica en el ámbito penal. Para ello, se realiza un análisis profundo del marco legal y de las decisiones judiciales en torno a los delitos de aborto y las lesiones al feto, investigando cómo la violencia obstétrica puede estar presente en la ejecución de estos actos delictivos. En este sentido, la estrategia metodológica utilizada inspecciona la doctrina existente desde el contexto jurídico de tipo cualitativo e interpretativo por medio de una revisión de la jurisprudencia existente en Colombia con el propósito de identificar estándares nacionales de referencia conducentes a evitar y, eventualmente, sancionar tal proceder fundamentada en la doctrina penal.
Desde esta óptica, se consideran dos pilares importantes para el desarrollo de este texto. El primero se centra en analizar cómo la violencia obstétrica en Colombia influye en la tipificación del parto o aborto preterintencional, el aborto y el aborto sin consentimiento. Esta violencia implica abusos y maltratos sufridos por mujeres durante el embarazo, parto y posparto, con una influencia en su bienestar físico y emocional. Si una mujer es sometida a prácticas coercitivas o abusivas en el parto, esto podría afectar su capacidad para dar un consentimiento informado, lo que podría incidir en la clasificación del acto como un aborto no consentido. Es esencial abordar estos asuntos desde una óptica que garantice la atención digna y apropiada que les corresponde durante el embarazo y el parto. La escolarización y la formación respecto la violencia obstétrica son medidas cruciales para evitar futuros abusos y garantizar los derechos de las mujeres
Por otro lado, el segundo punto presenta una revisión documental y normativa de las lesiones al feto y las lesiones imprudentes al feto por mala práctica y negligencia médica, dentro del concepto de violencia obstétrica.
Finalmente, el análisis doctrinal y judicial del ámbito de la violencia obstétrica que se expone en este escrito se aborda desde la óptica de la violencia hacia la mujer en circunstancias de vulnerabilidad, tal como se manifiesta en el marco de la Ley 2244 de 2022, ley de parto digno, respetuoso y humanizado: duelo gestacional y perinatal.
La relevancia de este ensayo claudica en el menester de reconocer y regular legislativamente la violencia obstétrica, considerándola un factor clave
en ciertas conductas delictivas que impactan los tipos penales existentes. Se percibe como una práctica útil, habitual y aceptada en Colombia a través del tiempo, lo que exige impulsar una propuesta normativa para visibilizar y abordar la problemática mencionada y la necesidad de su regulación legal. Esto se centra en el estudio de los proyectos para solucionar la pésima prestación de servicios de salud sexual y reproductiva, pese a la falta de legislación existente en el ámbito legislativo y ejecutivo en Colombia.
This essay examines obstetric violence in the criminal sphere. To this end, it’s made a in-depth analysis of the legal framework and judicial decisions surrounding the crimes of abortion and fetal injury, investigating how obstetric violence may be present in the commission of these criminal acts. In this regard, the methodological strategy used examines existing doctrine from a qualitative and interpretive legal context through a review of existing Colombian jurisprudence. This approach seeks to identify national reference standards that would prevent and, eventually, punish such conduct, based on the research line Epistemology - Principles - Theory of Crime - Substantial Law - Criminal Procedure. From this perspective, two important pillars are considered for the development of this text. The first focuses on analyzing how obstetric violence in Colombia influences the classification of unintended childbirth or abortion, abortion, and abortion without consent. This violence involves the abuse and mistreatment suffered by women during the period of fetus formation, dealing significant impact on their physical and emotional health. If a woman is subjected to coercive or abusive practices during childbirth, this could affect her ability to give informed consent, which could lead to the classification of the act as an unconsensual abortion. It is essential to address these topics from an humanitarian view, ensuring that women receive the dignified and appropriate care they are entitled to during pregnancy and childbirth. Awareness-raising and training on obstetric violence are crucial measures to prevent these abuses and protect women's rights. On the other hand, the second point presents a documentary and regulatory review of fetal injuries and reckless fetal injuries due to malpractice and medical negligence, within the concept of obstetric violence. Finally, the doctrinal and judicial analysis of the scope of obstetric violence presented in this document is addressed from the perspective of violence against women in vulnerable circumstances, as expressed within the framework of Law 2244 of 2022, the Law on Dignified, Respectful, and Humanized Childbirth: Gestational and Perinatal Grief. The importance of this essay relies in recognizing and legislatively regulating obstetric violence, considering it a key factor in certain criminal behaviors that impact existing criminal offenses. It is perceived as a useful, common, and accepted practice in Colombia over time, which requires promoting a regulatory proposal to raise awareness and address the aforementioned problem and the need for its legal regulation. This essay effectuates an analysis of initiatives to address the deficient provision of sexual and reproductive health services, despite the existing legal vacuum in the legislative and executive spheres in Colombia.
This essay examines obstetric violence in the criminal sphere. To this end, it’s made a in-depth analysis of the legal framework and judicial decisions surrounding the crimes of abortion and fetal injury, investigating how obstetric violence may be present in the commission of these criminal acts. In this regard, the methodological strategy used examines existing doctrine from a qualitative and interpretive legal context through a review of existing Colombian jurisprudence. This approach seeks to identify national reference standards that would prevent and, eventually, punish such conduct, based on the research line Epistemology - Principles - Theory of Crime - Substantial Law - Criminal Procedure. From this perspective, two important pillars are considered for the development of this text. The first focuses on analyzing how obstetric violence in Colombia influences the classification of unintended childbirth or abortion, abortion, and abortion without consent. This violence involves the abuse and mistreatment suffered by women during the period of fetus formation, dealing significant impact on their physical and emotional health. If a woman is subjected to coercive or abusive practices during childbirth, this could affect her ability to give informed consent, which could lead to the classification of the act as an unconsensual abortion. It is essential to address these topics from an humanitarian view, ensuring that women receive the dignified and appropriate care they are entitled to during pregnancy and childbirth. Awareness-raising and training on obstetric violence are crucial measures to prevent these abuses and protect women's rights. On the other hand, the second point presents a documentary and regulatory review of fetal injuries and reckless fetal injuries due to malpractice and medical negligence, within the concept of obstetric violence. Finally, the doctrinal and judicial analysis of the scope of obstetric violence presented in this document is addressed from the perspective of violence against women in vulnerable circumstances, as expressed within the framework of Law 2244 of 2022, the Law on Dignified, Respectful, and Humanized Childbirth: Gestational and Perinatal Grief. The importance of this essay relies in recognizing and legislatively regulating obstetric violence, considering it a key factor in certain criminal behaviors that impact existing criminal offenses. It is perceived as a useful, common, and accepted practice in Colombia over time, which requires promoting a regulatory proposal to raise awareness and address the aforementioned problem and the need for its legal regulation. This essay effectuates an analysis of initiatives to address the deficient provision of sexual and reproductive health services, despite the existing legal vacuum in the legislative and executive spheres in Colombia.
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Palabras clave
Violencia Obstétrica, Aborto, Lesiones al feto, Duelo gestacional, Duelo perinatal
