Automatización de procesos físico-químicos y biológicos para optimizar el tratamiento y vertido de aguas residuales en Cartón De La Costa S.A.
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Fecha
2026
Autores
Alandete Castro, Carlos Mauricio
Martínez Navarro, Katerin Paola
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ingenierías
Facultad de Ingenierías
Resumen
El presente proyecto tiene como objetivo proponer la automatización de los procesos físico-químicos y biológicos del sistema de tratamiento de aguas residuales industriales de la empresa Cartón De La Costa S.A., ubicada en la ciudad de Barranquilla, con el fin de optimizar el tratamiento y vertimiento de dichas aguas conforme a la normativa ambiental vigente.
Actualmente, el tratamiento se realiza de manera manual, lo que genera variabilidad en los resultados, dificultades en el control de variables críticas del proceso y riesgo de incumplimiento de los límites permisibles establecidos por la autoridad ambiental.
La metodología empleada corresponde a un proyecto aplicado con enfoque de ingeniería y naturaleza predictiva, estructurado en las fases de planificación, diagnóstico, diseño y validación. En la fase de diagnóstico se analizaron las condiciones operativas del sistema de tratamiento y se identificaron debilidades asociadas al manejo manual del proceso.
Posteriormente, en la fase de diseño, se propuso la integración de sensores en línea, controladores lógicos programables (PLC) y un sistema SCADA, orientados a mejorar el monitoreo continuo y el control del proceso.
Como resultado esperado, se plantea una mejora en la eficiencia operativa del sistema de tratamiento, una mayor estabilidad del proceso y una reducción de los riesgos ambientales y operativos asociados al vertimiento de aguas residuales, así como la posibilidad de replicar la solución en otras empresas del sector. En conclusión, la automatización propuesta se presenta como una alternativa técnica viable que fortalece la gestión ambiental industrial y el cumplimiento de la normativa vigente.
The present project aims to propose the automation of the physico-chemical and biological processes of the industrial wastewater treatment system of the company Cartón De La Costa S.A., located in the city of Barranquilla, in order to optimize the treatment and discharge of such wastewater in accordance with current environmental regulations. At present, the treatment is carried out manually, which leads to variability in results, difficulties in controlling critical process variables, and a risk of non-compliance with the permissible limits established by the environmental authority. The methodology employed corresponds to an applied project with an engineering approach and a predictive nature, structured into the phases of planning, diagnosis, design, and validation. During the diagnostic phase, the operational conditions of the treatment system were analyzed, and weaknesses associated with the manual management of the process were identified. Subsequently, in the design phase, the integration of online sensors, programmable logic controllers (PLCs), and a SCADA system was proposed, aimed at improving continuous monitoring and process control. As an expected outcome, an improvement in the operational efficiency of the treatment system is anticipated, along with greater process stability and a reduction in the environmental and operational risks associated with wastewater discharge, as well as the possibility of replicating the solution in other companies within the sector. In conclusion, the proposed automation is presented as a technically viable alternative that strengthens industrial environmental management and compliance with current regulations.
The present project aims to propose the automation of the physico-chemical and biological processes of the industrial wastewater treatment system of the company Cartón De La Costa S.A., located in the city of Barranquilla, in order to optimize the treatment and discharge of such wastewater in accordance with current environmental regulations. At present, the treatment is carried out manually, which leads to variability in results, difficulties in controlling critical process variables, and a risk of non-compliance with the permissible limits established by the environmental authority. The methodology employed corresponds to an applied project with an engineering approach and a predictive nature, structured into the phases of planning, diagnosis, design, and validation. During the diagnostic phase, the operational conditions of the treatment system were analyzed, and weaknesses associated with the manual management of the process were identified. Subsequently, in the design phase, the integration of online sensors, programmable logic controllers (PLCs), and a SCADA system was proposed, aimed at improving continuous monitoring and process control. As an expected outcome, an improvement in the operational efficiency of the treatment system is anticipated, along with greater process stability and a reduction in the environmental and operational risks associated with wastewater discharge, as well as the possibility of replicating the solution in other companies within the sector. In conclusion, the proposed automation is presented as a technically viable alternative that strengthens industrial environmental management and compliance with current regulations.
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Palabras clave
Aguas residuales industriales, Tratamiento fisicoquímico y biológico, Automatización de procesos, SCADA, Gerencia de proyectos