Intervención desde el modelo cognitivo comportamental: un estudio de caso de trastorno depresivo persistente (distimia) en un adolescente
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Fecha
2023
Autores
Castillo Mercado, Yasira Paola
Silva Echeverry, Joseph Esteban
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
En este documento se presentará un estudio de caso de un paciente de 17 años que presenta un trastorno depresivo persistente (distimia), según el DSM-5. A través de cuatro sesiones que incluyeron una entrevista y pruebas de evaluación, como el inventario de depresión de Beck-BDI 2 (1996), se identificaron las principales características del trastorno y se aplicaron técnicas cognitivo-conductuales, como la psicoeducación, la reestructuración cognitiva, la técnica de autocontrol, técnicas de respiración (respiración diafragmática) y mindfulness. Todo esto se hizo para integrar aspectos relacionados con la cognición, la adaptación psicológica, social y emociona, identificar el origen y el curso del problema, y brindar herramientas para la regulación emocional, el bienestar y la mejoría del estado de m ánimo del paciente. Después del avance en la terapia, el paciente presentó una mejoría significativa, manifestando que se siente más animado, regulado y esperanzado. También se logró la reducción de la intensidad de los pensamientos disfuncionales y se evidenció una disminución de la recurrencia de los pensamientos automáticos negativos. Por otro lado, el proceso permitió que el paciente desarrollara herramientas para hacer frente a situaciones desagradables futuras y enfrentarlas de una manera más saludable. Este estudio de caso destaca la eficacia del modelo cognitivo-conductual en el tratamiento del trastorno depresivo persistente y la importancia de abordar los aspectos cognitivos y conductuales en la intervención terapéutica.
This paper will present a case study of a 17-year-old patient presenting with persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia), according to the DSM-5. Through four sessions that included an interview and assessment tests, such as the Beck Depression Inventory BDI-2 (1996), the main characteristics of the disorder were identified and cognitive-behavioral techniques were applied, such as psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, self-control technique, breathing techniques and mindfulness. All this was done to integrate aspects related to cognition, psychological, social and emotional adaptation, identify the origin and course of the problem, and provide tools for emotional regulation, well-being and improvement of the patient's mood. After the progress in therapy, the patient presented a significant improvement, being more animated, regulated and hopeful. The intensity of dysfunctional thoughts was also reduced and a decrease in the recurrence of negative automatic thoughts was evidenced. On the other hand, the process allowed the patient to develop tools to cope with future unpleasant situations and face them in a healthier way. This case study highlights the efficacy of the cognitive-behavioral model in the treatment of persistent depressive disorder and the importance of addressing cognitive and behavioral aspects in therapeutic intervention.
This paper will present a case study of a 17-year-old patient presenting with persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia), according to the DSM-5. Through four sessions that included an interview and assessment tests, such as the Beck Depression Inventory BDI-2 (1996), the main characteristics of the disorder were identified and cognitive-behavioral techniques were applied, such as psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, self-control technique, breathing techniques and mindfulness. All this was done to integrate aspects related to cognition, psychological, social and emotional adaptation, identify the origin and course of the problem, and provide tools for emotional regulation, well-being and improvement of the patient's mood. After the progress in therapy, the patient presented a significant improvement, being more animated, regulated and hopeful. The intensity of dysfunctional thoughts was also reduced and a decrease in the recurrence of negative automatic thoughts was evidenced. On the other hand, the process allowed the patient to develop tools to cope with future unpleasant situations and face them in a healthier way. This case study highlights the efficacy of the cognitive-behavioral model in the treatment of persistent depressive disorder and the importance of addressing cognitive and behavioral aspects in therapeutic intervention.
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Palabras clave
Estudio de caso, Modelo cognitivo conductual, Trastorno depresivo recurrente, Problema conducta, Abuso de sustancias psicoactivas, Case study, Cognitive-behavioral model, Recurrent depressive disorder, Problem behavior, Psychoactive substance abuse
