Comportamiento de la inversión extranjera directa en el sector industrial en Colombia entre los años 2009-2019
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Barceló García, Luisa Fernanda
Silva Cerpa, Nathalia Carolina
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Resumen
La inversión extranjera directa (IED) se ha consolidado como un componente estratégico para el crecimiento económico de los países en desarrollo, al impulsar procesos de modernización industrial, generación de empleo, transferencia de tecnología y fortalecimiento de la competitividad. En este contexto, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar el comportamiento de la IED en el sector industrial en Colombia durante el periodo 2009-2019, identificando los factores económicos que incidieron en su evolución, las principales fuentes de inversión y su impacto en el desarrollo económico nacional. El enfoque metodológico adoptado fue cualitativo, con base en el análisis documental de fuentes secundarias provenientes de organismos nacionales como el Banco de la República, el DANE y el Ministerio de Comercio, así como informes internacionales y literatura académica especializada. A través de esta revisión, se evaluaron variables macroeconómicas clave como el Producto Interno Bruto (PIB), la formación bruta de capital fijo, la inflación, las tasas de desempleo e interés y el comportamiento de las exportaciones netas. Asimismo, se identificaron los principales países inversionistas y los sectores más receptores de capital extranjero en Colombia.
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has become a strategic component for the economic growth of developing countries by promoting industrial modernization, job creation, technology transfer, and the strengthening of competitiveness. In this context, the present study aims to analyze the behavior of FDI in Colombia's industrial sector during the period 2009–2019, identifying the economic factors that influenced its evolution, the main sources of investment, and its impact on national economic development. The methodological approach adopted was qualitative, based on documentary analysis of secondary sources from national organizations such as the Banco de la República, DANE, and the Ministry of Commerce, as well as international reports and specialized academic literature. This review examined key macroeconomic variables such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP), gross fixed capital formation, inflation, unemployment and interest rates, and net exports. In addition, the main investor countries and the most prominent recipient sectors of foreign capital in Colombia were identified.
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has become a strategic component for the economic growth of developing countries by promoting industrial modernization, job creation, technology transfer, and the strengthening of competitiveness. In this context, the present study aims to analyze the behavior of FDI in Colombia's industrial sector during the period 2009–2019, identifying the economic factors that influenced its evolution, the main sources of investment, and its impact on national economic development. The methodological approach adopted was qualitative, based on documentary analysis of secondary sources from national organizations such as the Banco de la República, DANE, and the Ministry of Commerce, as well as international reports and specialized academic literature. This review examined key macroeconomic variables such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP), gross fixed capital formation, inflation, unemployment and interest rates, and net exports. In addition, the main investor countries and the most prominent recipient sectors of foreign capital in Colombia were identified.
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Palabras clave
Inversión Extranjera Directa, Sector industrial, Desarrollo económico, PIB, Diversificación productiva
