Factores asociados a la intención emprendedora de los emigrantes venezolanos
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Fecha
2022
Autores
Mazuera-Arias, Rina
Albornoz-Arias, Neida
Ramírez-Martínez, Carolina
Carreño-Paredes, Myriam-Teresa
Morffe Peraza, Miguel Ángel
Díaz, Jesús Gerardo
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El colegio de la Frontera Norte
Resumen
Este artículo analiza factores relacionados con la intención emprendedora en una muestra de 4 157
venezolanos mayores de edad que emigraron en 2019. Es un estudio cuantitativo, no experimental, con
muestreo no probabilístico, en el que se aplicó una encuesta estructurada. Se hizo un análisis bivariado
entre la variable dependiente “intención de emprender su propio negocio” respecto de las variables
independientes relacionadas con información sociodemográfica, así como con las causas psicosociales y
económicas de la emigración. Se empleó la prueba Chi-cuadrado de Pearson y las variables se ajustaron
a un modelo de Regresión Logística Binaria (RLB). Los hallazgos revelan que la intención emprendedora
está asociada a la reagrupación familiar y a la violencia e inseguridad en Venezuela (push factors), así
como a la indagación sobre las oportunidades y normativas laborales (pull factor). Así mismo, se subraya
la importancia del apoyo institucional para el fomento del autoempleo y del empleo formal.
This article analyzes the factors related to entrepreneurial intention in a sample of 4 157 Venezuelans of legal age who emigrated in 2019. It is a quantitative, non-experimental study with non-probability sampling in which a structured survey was applied. A bivariate analysis was made between the dependent variable “the intention to undertake their own business” with respect to the independent variables that relate to sociodemographic information, psychosocial and economic causes of emigration. Pearson’s chisquare test was used, and the variables were adjusted to a binary logistic regression model. Among others, the findings reveal that entrepreneurial intention is associated with family reunification and violence and insecurity in Venezuela (push factors), as well as research on opportunities and labor regulations (pull factor). Likewise, the importance of institutional support for the promotion of self-employment and formal employment is underlined.
This article analyzes the factors related to entrepreneurial intention in a sample of 4 157 Venezuelans of legal age who emigrated in 2019. It is a quantitative, non-experimental study with non-probability sampling in which a structured survey was applied. A bivariate analysis was made between the dependent variable “the intention to undertake their own business” with respect to the independent variables that relate to sociodemographic information, psychosocial and economic causes of emigration. Pearson’s chisquare test was used, and the variables were adjusted to a binary logistic regression model. Among others, the findings reveal that entrepreneurial intention is associated with family reunification and violence and insecurity in Venezuela (push factors), as well as research on opportunities and labor regulations (pull factor). Likewise, the importance of institutional support for the promotion of self-employment and formal employment is underlined.
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Palabras clave
emigrantes venezolanos, intención emprendedora, factores de atracción, Venezuela, América Latina, entrepreneurial intention, pull factors, Venezuelan emigrants