El Estado colombiano y su intervención en el desplazamiento forzado en el Catatumbo
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Ayala García, Andres
Casadiegos, Jhon Michael
Castellanos Diaz, Angie Lilibeth
Solano Moros, Andrey Sebastián
Hernández Sierra, Yeimer Giovanny
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
La subregión del Catatumbo situada en el departamento de Norte de Santander, mantuvo su condición como una de las áreas más impactadas por una compleja interacción entre la guerra, las economías ilegales y la debilidad institucional del Estado, un problema que, como señala el Centro Nacional de Memoria Histórica, ha generado graves crisis humanitarias. La continuidad de los cultivos ilícitos y la presencia de grupos armados (mencionada específicamente en relación con la falta de fortaleza de la Misión de Verificación de la ONU en 2024) impiden el cese de este fenómeno.
La investigación, de carácter interpretativo y basada en el análisis documental y el diseño fenomenológico, buscó evaluar las acciones del Estado implementadas entre 2022 y 2025 para la prevención, atención y protección de las víctimas en esta subregión. El hallazgo principal indica que, aunque la respuesta estatal fue un esfuerzo considerable, resultó insuficiente para transformar las causas estructurales del desplazamiento.
En consecuencia, el estudio concluye que, para garantizar una protección eficaz y sostenible de los derechos de la población en esta convulsa subregión, es fundamental consolidar la gobernanza, asegurar una presencia integral del Estado (más allá de la respuesta militar) y lograr la coherencia entre las políticas de derechos humanos, seguridad y desarrollo (PNUD, 2011; IGAC & Uniandes, 2012).
The Catatumbo sub-region, located in the department of Norte de Santander, maintained its status as one of the areas most impacted by a complex interaction between war, illegal economies, and the institutional weakness of the State. This issue, as noted by the National Center for Historical Memory (CNMH), has generated severe humanitarian crises. The continuity of illicit crops and the presence of armed groups (specifically mentioned in relation to the lack of strength of the UN Verification Mission in Colombia in 2024) prevent the cessation of this phenomenon. The research, which was interpretative in nature and based on documentary analysis and phenomenological design, sought to evaluate the State actions implemented between 2022 and 2025 for the prevention, attention, and protection of victims in this sub-region. The main finding indicates that, while the State response was a considerable effort, it proved insufficient to transform the structural causes of displacement. Consequently, the study concludes that, in order to guarantee effective and sustainable protection of the population's rights in this turbulent sub-region, it is essential to consolidate governance, ensure an integral State presence (beyond merely a military response), and achieve coherence among human rights, security, and development policies (PNUD, 2011; IGAC & Uniandes, 2012).
The Catatumbo sub-region, located in the department of Norte de Santander, maintained its status as one of the areas most impacted by a complex interaction between war, illegal economies, and the institutional weakness of the State. This issue, as noted by the National Center for Historical Memory (CNMH), has generated severe humanitarian crises. The continuity of illicit crops and the presence of armed groups (specifically mentioned in relation to the lack of strength of the UN Verification Mission in Colombia in 2024) prevent the cessation of this phenomenon. The research, which was interpretative in nature and based on documentary analysis and phenomenological design, sought to evaluate the State actions implemented between 2022 and 2025 for the prevention, attention, and protection of victims in this sub-region. The main finding indicates that, while the State response was a considerable effort, it proved insufficient to transform the structural causes of displacement. Consequently, the study concludes that, in order to guarantee effective and sustainable protection of the population's rights in this turbulent sub-region, it is essential to consolidate governance, ensure an integral State presence (beyond merely a military response), and achieve coherence among human rights, security, and development policies (PNUD, 2011; IGAC & Uniandes, 2012).
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Palabras clave
Catatumbo, Derechos humanos, Desplazamiento forzado, Víctimas, Conflicto armado
