Homicidio de niños perpetrado por padrastros en Colombia, periodo de 2022 - 2024
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Fecha
2024
Autores
De La Hoz Miranda, Mauxy
Martínez Tejera, Cindy del Carmen
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Editor
Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
Se propone como objetivo analizar los efectos socio jurídicos del delito de homicidio perpetrado por padrastros en Colombia durante los años 2022 - 2024, a través de un enfoque cualitativo inductivo y un diseño narrativo enmarcado en el paradigma histórico-hermenéutico, se exploró en profundidad este problema social, cuya técnica e instrumento de recolección de información es la revisión documental y el análisis de texto , lo que permitió identificar un perfil del victimario caracterizado por antecedentes de violencia intrafamiliar y consumo de sustancias psicoactivas, lo cual concuerda con los hallazgos de investigaciones previas (García-Moreno et al., 2017). La investigación cualitativa centrada en el caso del niño Maximiliano Tabares permite identificar una relación significativa entre la violencia intrafamiliar y la perpetración de homicidios infantiles, lo que confirma la necesidad de intervenciones integrales que aborden la violencia en todas sus manifestaciones, Se evidenció fragmentación en la asistencia a los afectados y sus familiares, lo cual dificulta la ejecución de acciones eficaces de protección. La descoordinación entre los distintos actores involucrados, como el sistema judicial, los servicios sociales y las instituciones educativas, contribuye a perpetuar el ciclo de la violencia. Además, se han identificado vacíos legales y deficiencias en las técnicas de investigación que impiden la justicia, en la discusión se analiza la teoría de la tensión de Agnew (1985) quien plantea que el comportamiento delictivo, como el infanticidio cometido por padrastros puede deberse a la acumulación de tensión y frustración en un contexto en el que no se cumplen las expectativas sociales y económicas. Aunque esta teoría ofrece una explicación útil al centrarse en las fuerzas externas, también es esencial tener en cuenta los factores psicológicos individuales que podrían predisponer a la violencia, por otro lado, la Teoría del Control Social de Hirschi (1969 ) propone que los vínculos afectivos y sociales fuertes actúan como freno del comportamiento delictivo, lo que sugiere que la ausencia de estos vínculos, especialmente en el caso de los padrastros que cometen infanticidio puede facilitar los actos violentos. La investigación destaca que la disfuncionalidad familiar y los desequilibrios de poder son factores determinantes en estos crímenes. Este estudio destaca la urgencia de modificar el sistema de protección de menores y penas más severas para los agresores y por una formación apropiada de los profesionales a cargo de la protección y el seguimiento de las situaciones de peligro. Por lo tanto, los resultados alcanzados ofrecen valiosos aportes para el desarrollo de políticas públicas más efectivas basadas en atención, prevención, e intervención y protección integral de NNA. Se debe reforzar los mecanismos de protección infantil, fomentar programas para prevenir la violencia en las comunidades y las escuelas, y capacitar a los profesionales que trabajan con familias en riesgo.
The objective is to analyze the socio-legal effects of the crime of homicide perpetrated by stepfathers in Colombia during the years 2022 - 2024, through a qualitative inductive approach and a narrative design framed in the historical-hermeneutic paradigm, this social problem was explored in depth, The data collection technique and instrument used was documentary review and text analysis, which made it possible to identify a profile of the victimizer characterized by a history of domestic violence and psychoactive substance use, which is consistent with the findings of previous research (García-Moreno et al. , 2017). The qualitative research focused on the case of Maximiliano Tabares identified a significant relationship between domestic violence and the perpetration of child homicides, which confirms the need for comprehensive interventions to address violence in all its manifestations, there was evidence of fragmentation in the assistance provided to those affected and their families, which hinders the implementation of effective protection actions. The lack of coordination between the different actors involved, such as the judicial system, social services and educational institutions, contributes to perpetuating the cycle of violence. In addition, loopholes and deficiencies in investigative techniques have been identified that impede justice, in the discussion Agnew's (1985) theory of tension is analyzed who posits that criminal behavior such as infanticide committed by stepparents may be due to the accumulation of stress and frustration in a context where social and economic expectations are not met. Although this theory offers a useful explanation by focusing on external forces, it is also essential to take into account individual psychological factors that could predispose to violence, on the other hand, Hirschi's Social Control Theory (1969) proposes that strong affective and social bonds act as a brake on criminal behavior, suggesting that the absence of these bonds, especially in the case of stepfathers who commit infanticide, may facilitate violent acts. The research highlights that family dysfunctionality and power imbalances are determining factors in these crimes. This study highlights the urgency of modifying the child protection system and harsher penalties for aggressors and for appropriate training of professionals in charge of protection and monitoring of situations of danger. Therefore, the results obtained offer valuable contributions for the development of more effective public policies based on care, prevention, intervention and comprehensive protection of children and adolescents. Child protection mechanisms should be strengthened, programs to prevent violence in communities and schools should be promoted, and professionals working with at-risk families should be trained.
The objective is to analyze the socio-legal effects of the crime of homicide perpetrated by stepfathers in Colombia during the years 2022 - 2024, through a qualitative inductive approach and a narrative design framed in the historical-hermeneutic paradigm, this social problem was explored in depth, The data collection technique and instrument used was documentary review and text analysis, which made it possible to identify a profile of the victimizer characterized by a history of domestic violence and psychoactive substance use, which is consistent with the findings of previous research (García-Moreno et al. , 2017). The qualitative research focused on the case of Maximiliano Tabares identified a significant relationship between domestic violence and the perpetration of child homicides, which confirms the need for comprehensive interventions to address violence in all its manifestations, there was evidence of fragmentation in the assistance provided to those affected and their families, which hinders the implementation of effective protection actions. The lack of coordination between the different actors involved, such as the judicial system, social services and educational institutions, contributes to perpetuating the cycle of violence. In addition, loopholes and deficiencies in investigative techniques have been identified that impede justice, in the discussion Agnew's (1985) theory of tension is analyzed who posits that criminal behavior such as infanticide committed by stepparents may be due to the accumulation of stress and frustration in a context where social and economic expectations are not met. Although this theory offers a useful explanation by focusing on external forces, it is also essential to take into account individual psychological factors that could predispose to violence, on the other hand, Hirschi's Social Control Theory (1969) proposes that strong affective and social bonds act as a brake on criminal behavior, suggesting that the absence of these bonds, especially in the case of stepfathers who commit infanticide, may facilitate violent acts. The research highlights that family dysfunctionality and power imbalances are determining factors in these crimes. This study highlights the urgency of modifying the child protection system and harsher penalties for aggressors and for appropriate training of professionals in charge of protection and monitoring of situations of danger. Therefore, the results obtained offer valuable contributions for the development of more effective public policies based on care, prevention, intervention and comprehensive protection of children and adolescents. Child protection mechanisms should be strengthened, programs to prevent violence in communities and schools should be promoted, and professionals working with at-risk families should be trained.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Colombia, Homicidio, Niños, Padrastros
